自动化决策中个人拒绝权的制度困境与应对

System Dilemmas of the Personal Right to Refuse Automated-decision Making and the Countermeasures

我国《个人信息保护法》关于自动化决策个人拒绝权的相关制度设计,为算法支配下的个人权利提供了新的保护路向,然其仍存在衔接机制不明、关键词语模糊以及除外制度缺失三方面的问题。为有效化解该规则在实践中可能出现的适用难题,应当从立法层面明确个人有请求人工干预的权利,细化对“重大影响”的认定,新设适用除外规则,完善个人拒绝权除外适用时的权利保障体系。

The relevant system design of The Personal Information Protection Law of China on the personal right to refuse automated-decision making provides a new way to protect the individual rights under the control of algorithms. However, there are still some problems such as unclear cohesion mechanism,ambiguous key terms and the lack of an exclusion system. In order to effectively address the potential difficulties in the application of this rule in practice, the right of individuals to request human intervention should be clarified at the legislative level. Therefore, the definition of “significant influence” should be refined, a new exclusion rule should be established, and the system of guarantees for the right of individuals to refuse the application of the exclusion should be improved.