2021年重庆市武隆区中小学生贫血状况及相关因素分析

Prevalence and related factors of anemia among primary and middle school students in Wulong District of Chongqing in 2021

目的 掌握重庆市武隆区中小学生贫血患病率现状及其体质发育影响因素,为防治学生贫血提供科学依据。方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,2021年抽取重庆市武隆区城区小学和初中各1所,农村小学和初中各3所,分层随机整群方法抽取每个年级,至少含40人,共检测1 615名中小学生身体体质指标和血红蛋白含量。运用SPSS 22.0软件,采用t检验、方差分析、χ^(2)检验和线性回归方法进行统计分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果 共检测1 615名中小学生,贫血患病率为20.12%(325/1 615),其中边缘性和轻度分别为14.80%、5.33%,无中重度贫血;男生和女生贫血患病率分别为19.44%、20.83%,城市和农村学生贫血患病率分别19.87%、20.22%,差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.486、0.026,P均>0.05);不同营养状况学生贫血患病率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.215,P=0.378);低年级贫血患病率最高,随年级升高呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.203,P=0.002)。血红蛋白平均值为(128.43±14.033)g/L,逐步线性回归分析结果显示,身高、肺活量、握力与血红蛋白值呈正相关。结论 重庆市武隆区中小学生贫血患病率达中度水平,当地相关部门应密切监测,加强实施营养干预防治学生贫血。

Objective To understand the prevalence of anemia and influencing factors of physica development among primary and middle school students in Wulong District of Chongqing City,and to provide scientific basis for anemia prevention and control among students.Methods In 2021,one primary school and one junior high school in urban areas and three primary schools and three junior high schools in rural areas were enrolled by the random cluster sampling method.At least 40students of each grade were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method and tested for body mass indicators and hemoglobin content.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis such as t-test,analysis of variance,chi-square test and linear regression methods.And the tes level was α=0.05.Results A total of 1 615 primary and middle school students were investigated The prevalence rate of anemia among the students was 20.12%(325/1 615).Among the students of anemia,14.8%and 5.33%were detected with borderline anemia and mild anemia,respectively.No moderate or severe anemia was found.The prevalence rates of anemia in boys and girls were19.44%and 20.8%,respectively.The prevalence of anemia was 19.87%in urban students and20.22%in rural students.And there was no significant difference(χ^(2)=0.468,0.026,P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anemia among students with different nutritional status(χ^(2)=4.215,P>0.05).The prevalence of anemia was the highest in junior grade,and decreased with the increase of grade,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=12.203,P=0.002).The mean concentration of blood hemoglobin was (128.43±14.033) g/L.The results of stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that height,vital capacity and grip strength were positively correlated with hemoglobin concentration.Conclusions The prevalence rate of anemia was at a moderate level among primary and middle school students in Wulong District.Local relevant departments should closely monitor the situation and strengthen the implementation of nutritional intervention to prevent anemia among students.