氮磷钾添加对无患子叶片性状和果实产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Addition on Leaf Traits and Fruit Yield of Sapindus mukorossi

以10年生无患子无性系为研究对象,通过设置施肥与不施肥两处理,分析氮磷钾养分添加对不同无性系无患子叶片性状和果实产量的影响.结果表明:(1)与对照相比,氮磷钾添加下无性系1号无患子叶面积增加了5.60%,无性系1号和5号无患子比叶面积分别增加了0.48%和3.80%,仅无性系3号无患子叶干物质含量在养分添加下显著增加了5.70%,其他无性系无患子均无显著差异;(2)在氮磷钾添加处理下,无性系1号和5号无患子光合净呼吸速率相较于对照分别增加了1.19%、39.40%;无性系5号无患子胞间CO_(2)浓度、水分利用效率和光合氮利用效率显著高于对照,而其他无性系则均无显著差异;(3)叶面积、净光合速率、叶片光合氮利用效率与果实产量呈显著正相关,而比叶面积与果实产量呈显著负相关;(4)氮磷钾添加均不同程度地促进了无患子果实的生长发育,增加其果实产量.研究结果可为无患子苗木培育及资源开发利用提供理论参考.

In this study, we analyzed the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium additions on leaf traits and fruit yield of 10-year-old Sapindus mukorossi asexual lines with and without fertilization.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the control, the leaf area of asexual line 1 S.mukorossi increased by 5.6% under NPK addition, and the specific leaf area of asexual lines 1 and 5 S.mukorossi increased by 0.48% and 3.8%,respectively;only the dry matter content of asexual line 3 S.mukorossi increased significantly by 5.7% under nutrient addition, and no significant differences were found in other asexual lines of S.mukorossi;(2)Under the treatment of NPK addition, the net photosynthetic respiration rate of asexual lines 1 and 5 S.mukorossi increased by 1.19% and 39.4%,respectively, compared with the control;the intercellular CO_(2)concentration, water use efficiency and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency of asexual line 5 were significantly higher than those of the control, but no significant differences were found in other lines.(3)Leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency were significantly and positively correlated with fruit yield, while specific leaf area and fruit yield were significantly and negatively correlated.(4)The addition of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium promoted the growth and development of S.mukorossi fruits to varying degrees and increased the yield of Sapindus fruits.The results provided a theoretical reference for seedling cultivation and resource utilization in S.mukorossi.