论中国早期祝祷文辞的发生、发展及书写规则

On the Occurrence, Development and Writing Rules of Prayers of Early China

上古时期祭礼繁复,由祭礼而生的祭祀文辞迎来创作兴盛期,祝祷文辞应运而生。春秋之前,祝祷辞的创作权被官方掌握着,立足诚挚之心,呈切悫之辞。文辞随礼而变,祭礼文明的兴衰影响着祝祷文辞的创作。春秋以降,民间创作兴起,出现了大量的巫术性质明显的祝祷辞。祝祷辞的创作遵循一般的格式,先以语助词“皋”字开篇,再交代所祷之神、所祷事宜及所供祭品。

In ancient times, the sacrificial rites were complicated, and the sacrificial texts derived from the sacrificial rites ushered in a prosperous period of creation. Before the Spring and Autumn period, the right to compose prayers was officially held. The prayers were presented based on sincere heart. Words change with rites. The rise and fall of sacrificial civilization affects the creation of prayers.During the Spring and Autumn period, folk creation has sprung up. A large number of prayers with the nature of witchcraft appeared. The creation of the prayer followed a general format, beginning with the auxiliary word “Gao”, followed by the description of the god prayed, the matter prayed and the offerings being made.