基于车轮非圆化的振动噪声研究

Research on vibration and noise based on wheel non-rounding

针对某地铁车辆运行振动噪声较大现象,首先测试该车辆车轮不圆度,然后对轴箱和构架测点全程垂向振动加速度进行频谱分析并基于ISO 2631-1:1997对座椅测点进行舒适度指标计算,结果表明:该车辆车轮存在非圆化现象,轮轨激励频率范围为30~70 Hz;频谱分析结果出现测量结果偏离实际值的频谱泄漏现象,镟轮后此现象消失;车辆运行时ISO 2631-1:1997指标值接近限值0.315,镟轮后舒适度指标改善;分析运行时车厢内部噪声,发现镟轮后噪声A计权声压级下降2.4 dB。最后得出结论:车轮非圆化磨耗产生的轮轨激励是该地铁车辆运行时振动噪声较大的原因。

In view of the large vibration and noise of a subway vehicle, the wheels of the vehicle are tested, and the results show that the wheel of this vehicle is non-rounding, and the excitation frequency range of wheel-rail is 30~70 Hz. The spectrum analysis results show that spectrum leakage phenomenon that the measured results deviate from the actual values, and this phenomenon disappears after repairing the wheel;The ISO 2631 comfort index is calculated for the seat measurement points. The results show that the ISO 2631 index value is close to the limit of 0.315 during operation, and the comfort index improved after the wheel is repaired. Analyzing the internal noise of the carriage during operation, it shows that the A-weighted sound pressure level of noise dropped by 2.4 dB after the wheel is repaired. It is concluded that the wheel-rail excitation caused by the non-rounding wear of the wheels is the reason for the large vibration and noise of the subway vehicle.