创新和重塑数据治理体系——以金融数据治理为例

Innovating and Reshaping the Data Governance System:Financial Data Governance as an Example

创新和重塑数据治理体系是国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的重要内容及内在要求。金融数据治理作为实现金融行业数字化转型的重要基础与内容,是数字化时代金融更好服务实体经济,促进经济社会高质量发展的重要举措。本文基于卡斯特“流动空间”理论,提出管理学和社会学意义上的“数据空间”概念,探索数据治理的一般性治理框架和原则,构建小微联合贷款风控系统作为实例进行分析,提出重构和完善金融数据治理的基本逻辑、原则与措施。数据空间视角下,数据治理体系包括三个层次的相对独立又有机联系的完整内容和结构,即技术应用层的数据空间物理形态与结构治理、网络结构层数据流动的权力结构调整与安全开放平衡以及空间组织层数据要素的优化配置与利益冲突协调。技术应用层治理内容和目标主要是微观组织(企业)内部数据治理,网络结构层治理内容和目标主要涉及行业与市场中的数据共治,空间组织层的治理内容和目标关乎政府及社会层面上的数据公共治理与监管协调。数据空间为数据内部治理、行业共治和数据公共治理与监管协调提供了一个系统性的分析框架,可为金融数据治理和监管与体系设计、理念创新和手段工具的综合运用提供参考。

Innovating and reshaping the data governance system is an important content and inherent requirement for the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.As an important basis and content for realizing the digital transformation of the financial industry,financial data governance is an important measure for finance to better serve the real economy and promote high-quality economic and social development in the digital era.Based on the Space of Flows theory proposed by Manuel Castells,the concept and structure of Data Space in the sense of management and sociology is defined,so as to explores the general governance framework and principles of data governance.Taking the joint risk control system of small and micro loans as an example for specific analysis,an conclusion is given that Data Space provides a systematic analysis framework for data internal governance,industry co-governance,and data public governance and supervision coordination,and the basic logic,principles and measures to reconstruct and improve financial data governanceare proposed.From the perspective of Data Space,data governance and supervision frameworks include three levels of relatively independent and organically connected complete content and structure,namely,the physical form and structural governance of data space at the technical application level,the co-governance in terms of balance between power,security and openness at the network structure level,as well as legal construction and regulatory coordination of social,ethical,rights and interests at the space organization level.The governance content and objectives of the technology application layer are mainly the internal data governance of micro-organizations(enterprises),the governance content and objectives of the network structure layer are mainly related to the co-governance of data in the industry and the market,and the governance content and objectives of the space organization layer are related to public governance and regulatory coordination.With the continuous development of China's digital economy and digital finance,China's financial data governance has also made important achievements,which has strongly supported the financial sector to better serve the real economy.At present,there are still deficiencies and defects in China's financial data governance,which cannot meet the inherent requirements of the development of the digital economy and digital society.Financial data governance still needs to be improved in terms of development concepts,infrastructure,institutional norms,and ecological construction at the three levels of data space.First,the government and regulatory authorities need to regard the construction of a shared and co-governed financial data governance system as an important part of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities,so as to maintain financial security and prevent systemic risks,and to realize win-win cooperation at the industry andmarketlevels.Second,the construction of digital infrastructure should be promoted so as to reshape the technical support of financial data governance.The financial management department can use the national new infrastructure construction plan to lay the foundation for high-quality financial development,so as to the quality of data that involves data openness,data flow,and data application is improved.Third,the construction of the data ecosystem should be improved so as to promote the formation of a price mechanism for market-oriented data elements.With the goal of releasing and maximizing the value of(financial)data elements,a data element market should be built that is standardized,unified and fair competitive,in which fair price mechanism is formed.Fourth,the financial data supervision and governance framework should be strengthen,in which supervision concepts and tools could be innovated.With the goal of preventing systemic financial risks and maintaining financial stability,the efficiency and level of public governance and supervision of financial data need be promoted.Lastly,the publicity and education of financial data laws,policies and system construction need be improved,so as to promote institutions and industries to participate in data market operations in accordance with laws and regulations.In the future,the key work will be to promote individuals,institutions and markets to know the law and abide by the law,and to promote the sustainable development of a modern financial data governance system.