基于南极科考站医疗条件与常见伤病探讨保障医师岗前培训的规范及建议

Standards and proposals of pre job training of doctors in Antarctic scientific research station based on the medical conditions and commons diseases

南极科学考察具有重要的战略意义。南极地区的恶劣气候损害了中国南极科学考察队员的健康,而南极科考站的医务人员、医疗设备、医用耗材和药品等均比较有限。南极科考站队员各系统的伤病均有发生,包括肌肉骨骼损伤等身体疾病以及焦虑抑郁等心理疾病,其发生率与普通环境有所不同。南极科考站保障医师需要承担临床(伤病治疗、检查、检验、配药和护理等)和非临床方面(医疗设备维护、急救培训、伤病预防和食品安全等)的多种职责,因此,南极科考站保障医师的培训需要进行研究和规范化。笔者结合既往南极科学考察医疗保障经验,从入选条件、临床方面培训(包括理论和实践)、非临床方面培训(包括理论和实践)等对南极科考站保障医师岗前培训提出建议。

Antarctic scientific expedition has important strategic significance.The severe climate in the Antarctic has damaged the health of the members of the Chinese Antarctic scientific expedition team.The medical staff,medical equipment,medical consumables and medicines in Antarctic scientific research stations are relatively limited.Diseases of all systems of the members of Antarctic scientific research stations have occurred,including physical diseases such as musculoskeletal injuries and psychological diseases such as anxiety and depression.The incidence rate is different from that of the general environment.The doctors in Antarctic scientific research station need to undertake multiple responsibilities in clinical(disease treatment,examination,inspection,dispensing and nursing,etc.)and non-clinical aspects(medical equipment maintenance,first aid training,disease prevention and food safety,etc.)Therefore,the training of doctors in Antarctic scientific research station needs to be studied and standardized.Based on our previous experience in medical security in Antarctic scientific exploration,the authors put forward suggestions on pre job training for doctors in Antarctic scientific research station from the aspects of selection conditions,clinical training(including theory and practice),and non-clinical training(including theory and practice).