多学科协作护理模式在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的应用效果

Effect of application of multi-disciplinary collaborative nursing model in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

目的探讨多学科协作护理模式在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中的应用效果。方法选取2021年3月至2022年3月宜春市第二人民医院收治的80例COPD患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组各40例。对照组实施常规护理措施,观察组在对照组基础上实施多学科协作护理模式,两组均干预至出院后。比较两组患者呼吸困难程度、运动耐力、肺功能水平、治疗期间并发症和院内感染发生情况。结果观察组呼吸困难程度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组6min步行试验(6MWT)和第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)和第一秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量的比值(FEV1/FVC)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,两组6MWT距离长于本组干预前,FEV1、FVC和FEV1/FVC水平均高于本组干预前,且观察组6MWT距离长于对照组,FEV1、FVC和FEV1/FVC水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间并发症(尿路感染、应激性溃疡、肺部感染和自发性气胸)和院内感染发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论COPD患者实施多学科协作护理模式,利于改善呼吸状况,提高运动耐力和肺功能水平,减少并发症和院内感染发生率。

Objective To explore the effect of application of multi-disciplinary collaborative nursing model in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods A total of 80 patients with COPD admitted to the Yichun No.2 People's Hospital from March 2021 to March 2022 were selected as research objects,and they were divided into control group and observation group,with 40 patients in each group.The control group implemented routine nursing measures,and the observation group implemented multi-disciplinary collaborative nursing model on the basis of the control group.Both groups were intervened until after discharge.The degree of dyspnea,exercise endurance,pulmonary function,complications during treatment and nosocomial infection were compared between the two groups.Results The degree of dyspnea in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Before intervention,there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in 6-minute walking test(6MWT)and forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC)and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC)(P>0.05).After intervention,the distance of 6MWT in the two groups was longer than that before intervention,and the levels of FEV1,FVC and FEV1/FVC were higher than those before intervention,and the distance of 6MWT in the observation group was longer than that in the control group,and the levels of FEV1,FVC and FEV1/FVC were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The incidence of complications(urinary tract infection,stress ulcer,pulmonary infection and spontaneous pneumothorax)and nosocomial infection during the treatment were lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion The implementation of multi-disciplinary collaborative nursing model in patients with COPD is beneficial to improve respiratory status,exercise endurance and lung function,and reduce the incidence of complications and nosocomial infection.