弱激光照射治疗对正畸疼痛和敏感度的影响和护理

Effect of Low-level Laser Therapy on Tooth-Related Pain and Sensitivity Induced by Orthodontic Treatment&Nursing Concerns

目的观察弱激光照射治疗对正畸患者疼痛程度和敏感度的影响和护理。方法选取2020年6月至2021年6月,接受固定正畸治疗的患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组患者30例。观察组正畸初始阶段弓丝结扎后即刻行弱激光照射,波长为810 nm,光斑直径0.6 cm,照射距离约为1 cm,治疗功率500 mW。对照组不进行激光照射。两组正畸后2 h、24 h、4 d和7 d,采用视觉模拟评分表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分,采用定量感官测试表(quantitative sensory testing,QST)记录患者治疗后的冷阈值温度(cold detection thresholds,CDT)、热阈值温度(warmth detection thresholds,WDT)、冷痛觉阈值温度(cold pain thresholds,CPT)、热痛觉阈值温度(heat pain thresholds,HPT)数值的改变。结果观察组正畸后2 h、24 h、4 d和7 d VAS疼痛分值均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。正畸后2 h、24 h、4 d和7 d观察组QST指标中CDT、WDT、CPT和HPT值均高于对照组,差异具体统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组均无与激光照射光剂量相关的不良反应发生。结论弱激光照射可有效减轻正畸治疗引起的牙周和牙龈组织的疼痛,并能降低牙龈热敏感程度。

Objective To evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy on pain and somatosensory sensitization induced by orthodontic treatment and related nursing concerns.Methods Altogether 60 patients given fixed orthodontic treatment over the period from Jun.2020 to Jun.2021 were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups:the control group(Sham laser irradiation with zero output power)and observe group(low-level laser therapy,of which the spot diameter was set at 0.6 cm,the irradiation distance 1 cm and output power 500 mW).VAS score and QST index values were recorded respectively and compared between the two groups 2 h,24 h,4 d,and 7 d after the treatment respectively.Result The VAS pain scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group over the period from 2 h to 7 d after the orthodontic treatment,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The values of CDT,WDT,CPT and HPT in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,and the differences were also remarkable(P<0.05).No adverse reaction related to laser energy occurred in either group.Conclusions low-level laser therapy will effectively reduce the pain of periodontal and gingival tissue caused by orthodontic treatment,and reduce the degree of gingival heat sensitivity.