加强农业面源污染防治与绿色兴农策略研究——病虫害统防统治实现农药减量的生态效应分析

Research on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution and Green Agriculture Strategies——Analysis on the Ecological Effect of Pesticide Reduction through Professional Pest and Disease Control Service

推进农业绿色发展是当前农业生产的重要任务。本文根据江苏省578户水稻种植户的调研数据,采用倾向得分匹配模型(PSM)实证检验病虫害统防统治能否实现农药减量,达到提质增效促进绿色兴农的效果。研究发现:病虫害统防统治的农药减量效果显著,受专业化分工和农业技术进步的影响,相比半包服务和自防自治,选择全包服务农户的农药减量效果更为显著;统防统治服务对小规模农户农药施用的减量效果均大于规模农户;进一步,选择统防统治服务有助于推广首次用药以预防为目的的做法,以改变传统的“见病施药,重治轻防”的理念;使用统防统治不仅能达到减药减量效果,而且能稳产保产。未来,应继续优化并推动病虫害统防统治防治工作,控制农业面源污染,提质增效促进绿色兴农。

Promoting the green development of agriculture is an important task of agricultural production. Based on research data from 578 rice farmers in Jiangsu Province, the propensity score matching model(PSM) was used to empirically-test whether professional pest and disease control service(PPDCS) could achieve pesticide reduction, and achieve the effect of improving quality and efficiency to promote green agriculture. The results shows that the pesticide reduction effect of PPDCS is significant, and affected by specialization and agricultural technology progress, compared with semi-outsourcing and non-outsourcing, the pesticide reduction effect of outsourcing service is more significant.At the same time, the reduction effect of PPDCS on pesticide application of small-scale farmers is greater than that of large-scale farmers. Furthermore, the selection of PPDCS can help to promote the practice of first drug use for prevention, to change the traditional idea of "treating the disease rather than preventing it". PPDCS not only reduces pesticide application, but also stabilizes yields. In the future, we should continue to promote PPDCS, control agricultural non-point source pollution, improve quality and efficiency to promote green agriculture.