濒危植物野生欧洲李(Prunus domestica L.)花部特征与繁育系统研究

Study on Floral Characteristics and Breeding System of Endangered Plants(Prunus domestica L.)

为探讨野生欧洲李致濒因素,在自然居群中通过野外定位观测,记录其花部特征、开花进程及访花昆虫特性。采用TTC、MTT、联苯胺-α萘酚和I2-KI四种染色法测定花粉活力,采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定其柱头可授性,运用杂交指数(OCI)、花粉胚珠比(P/O)、人工授粉试验等方法检测野生欧洲李的繁育系统。结果表明:(1)野生欧洲李为两性花,花期较长,种群花期可持续10~15 d。(2)野生欧洲李在花朵未开放前花粉没有活力,花药开裂当天花粉活力最高,随着时间的延长,花粉活力明显减弱;柱头在花朵未开放前已经具有活力,在花朵开放期与盛花期其柱头活力最强。(3)重力载玻片法检测,风媒传粉可完全忽略;主要访花昆虫为蜂类。(4)野生欧洲李花粉胚珠比为2207.5±677.43,杂交指数为4,结合人工授粉试验结果可以确定该物种的繁育系统为异交,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者。

In order to explore the endangered factors of wild European plum.the characteristics of flower,flowering process and visiting insects were recorded in the natural population through field positioning observation.Pollen viability was determined by four staining methods:TTC,MTT,benzidine-α-naphthol and I2-KI.The hybridization index and pollen-ovule ratio were used.artificial pollination test and other methods to detect the breeding system of wild European plum.The results showed that:(1)Wild European plum is a bisexual flower with a long flowering period,and the flowering period of the population can last for 10-15 days.(2)The wild European plum has no vitality before the flower is opened.The pollen vigor is the highest on the day of anther cracking.The pollen vigor is obviously weakened with the extension of time.The stigma has vitality before the flower is opened.The flower is open and full bloom,and Its stigma is the most energetic.(3)Gravity slide test,wind-borne pollination can be completely ignored;the main visiting insects are bees.(4)The ratio of wild European plum pollen ovule was 2207.5±677.43,and the hybrid index was 4.combined with the results of artificial pollination test,it can be determined that the breeding system of the species is outcrossed,partially self-compatible,and needs pollinators.