2011-2020年宜昌市梅毒流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Yichang in 2011-2020

目的分析宜昌市2011—2020年梅毒流行病学特征,为制定有效的梅毒防治措施提供科学依据。方法收集2011—2020年宜昌市报告的梅毒病例资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2011—2020年宜昌市累计报告梅毒病例8107例,年均报告发病率为19.76/10万,梅毒报告发病率从2011年的17.39/10万上升至2018年的24.49/10万(APC=6.82%,95%CI:2.34%~11.49%,P<0.05),从2018年的24.49/10万下降到2020年的17.55/10万(P>0.05)。主要以隐性梅毒为主,为5837例(72.00%),年均报告发病率为14.23/10万。7月份病例数达到高峰,为836例(10.31%),2月份病例数最低,为433例(5.34%)。年均报告发病率居前3位的县市区分布为秭归县(28.51/10万)、西陵区(25.01/10万)、当阳市(23.73/10万),不同地区报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=933.92,P<0.01)。男女性别比为0.72∶1。病例主要集中在20岁以上人群,为7901例(97.46%)。职业分布主要以农民、家务及待业、离退休人员为主。结论宜昌市近十年梅毒发病总体呈现上升趋势,梅毒防控工作仍任重道远。建议继续加强梅毒防治工作,综合防控梅毒的传播。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Yichang City from 2011 to 2020,and provide a scientific basis for developing effective control measures.Methods The data of syphilis cases reported in Yichang City from 2011 to 2020 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 8107 cases of syphilis were reported in Yichang City from 2011 to 2020,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 19.76 per 100000.The reported incidence of syphilis increased from 17.39/100000 in 2011 to 24.49/100000 in 2018(APC=6.82%,95%CI:2.34%~11.49%,P<0.05),from 24.49/100000 in 2018 Decline to 17.55/100000 in 2020(P>0.05).Recessive syphilis is the main type,with 5837 cases(72.00%),and the annual reported incidence rate is 14.23 per 100000.The number of cases peaked in July,at 836(10.31%),and 433(5.34%)of the lowest in February.The top 3 counties with annual average reported incidence rates were Zigui County(28.51/100000),Xiling District(25.01/100000),and Dangyang City(23.73/100000).There were a statistically significant differences in reported incidence between counties(χ^(2)=933.92,P<0.01).Gender ratio was 0.72.Cases mainly concentrated in people over 20 years old,7901 cases(97.46%).The occupation distribution is mainly farmers,housework,unemployed,and retired people.Conclusion The incidence of syphilis in Yichang City has been on the rise in recent ten years,and there is still a long way to go to prevent and control syphilis.We suggested to continue to strengthen the prevention and control of syphilis and comprehensively prevent and control the spread of syphilis.