云南建水紫陶的泥料与保湿性能分析

Raw Materials and Moisturizing Properties of Yunnan Jianshui Purple Pottery in China

陶器烧制历史悠久,种类繁多,也是中国文化的重要组成部分。云南建水紫陶作为中国四大名陶之一,有着非常独特的工艺和艺术特色,在储茶和汽锅方面已经有着非常广泛的应用。但是,紫陶的不少特性仍然流于经验传说,缺乏分析数据的支持,其泥料与烧成体性能之间的关系也未有研究。有鉴于此,对建水紫陶在不同环境下的温度、湿度变化的反应情况进行系统研究;同时,通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、热重—示差扫描量热、压汞和粒度测量等方法对建水紫陶的原矿、泥料和成品的物相、粒度、烧成结构进行分析。结果表明,密封的建水紫陶罐内的温度和湿度会随着环境温度和湿度的变化而变化,其保湿性能介于宜兴紫砂与玻璃之间,适合长期保存发酵的茶类。结合陶器煅烧前后的化学组成和微观结构的对比分析,建水紫陶的保湿性能与其泥料的颗粒度以及烧成后的孔隙特点具有紧密关联,并对其相互关系进行了综合讨论。

Pottery has a long history with various types of ware shapes, which constitutes an important part of Chinese culture.As one of the four famous types of pottery in China, Jianshui purple pottery has unique craftsmanship and artistic characteristics. Although purple pottery has already been widely used in tea storage and steam boilers, many characteristics of purple pottery are based on experience and legend, lacking the support of experience data. The relationship between the clay and the properties of the purple pottery is still unknown. Thus, the responses to temperature and humidity change under different environments were systematically studied. The raw materials, mud and finished products of Jianshui purple pottery,together with their phase, particle size and structure, were also studied by using XRD, SEM, TG-DSC and Mercury Porosimeter. It is found that Jianshui purple pottery’s small clay particle size resulted in its low porosity of the finished product. As a result, it has a good moisturizing property, which meets the requirement of long term storage of the tea that requires post fermentation. The relationships among the clay particle size, composition and porosity of the finished product, as well as the humidity maintenance properties, are discussed.