功能性构音障碍患儿错误发音与年龄及性别的关系

ASSOCIATION OF PRONUNCIATION ERROR WITH AGE AND SEX IN CHILDREN WITH FUNCTIONAL ARTICULATION DISORDERS

目的分析功能性构音障碍(functional articulation disorders,FAD)患儿错误发音情况与年龄及性别的关系,为临床开展康复训练提供理论依据。方法通过前瞻性对照研究,选取2019年1—12月期间就诊于青岛大学附属医院儿童保健科门诊且初次诊断为FAD的患儿74例,依据年龄分为<5岁组(26例)和≥5岁组(48例),依据性别分为男童组(54例)和女童组(20例),分析年龄及性别对FAD患儿发音错误率的影响。结果所有患儿声母发音错误率为100%,韵母发音错误率为39.19%,声母发音错误率高于韵母发音错误率(χ^(2)=64.660,P<0.05)。<5岁组患儿的/f/、/k/和/h/发音错误率显著高于≥5岁组(χ^(2)=4.658~7.573,P<0.05),男童组患儿/g/和/k/发音错误率显著高于女童组(χ^(2)=3.977、4.381,P<0.05)。结论FAD患儿声母较韵母更易出现发音错误;当FAD患儿<5岁时,/f/、/k/、/h/发音错误或可随年龄增长自愈,治疗方法可选择短期随访观察、暂缓康复训练;/g/、/k/发音错误存在性别差异。

Objective To investigate the association of pronunciation error with age and sex in children with functional articulation disorders(FAD),and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical rehabilitation training.Methods A prospective control study was performed for 74 children who attended the outpatient service of Department of Child Healthcare,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,from January to December,2019 and were diagnosed with FAD for the first time.According to age,they were divided into<5 years group with 26 children and≥5 years group with 48 children,and according to sex,they were divided into male group with 54 children and female group with 20 children.The influence of age and sex on pronunciation error rate was analyzed in children with FAD.Results For all children,the pronunciation error rates of initials and finals were 100%and 39.19%,respectively,and the pronunciation error rate of initials was significantly higher than that of finals(χ^(2)=64.660,P<0.05).The pronunciation error rates of/f/,/k/,and/h/in the<5 years group were significantly higher than those in the≥5 years group(χ^(2)=4.658-7.573,P<0.05),and the pronunciation error rates of/g/and/k/in the male group were significantly higher than those in the female group(χ^(2)=3.977,4.381,P<0.05).Conclusion In children with FAD,the pronunciation error rate of initials is higher than that of finals.For children with FAD aged<5 years,the pronunciation errors of/f/,/k/,and/h/may heal with age,and short-term follow-up observation and delayed rehabilitation training can be used for treatment.There are gender differences in the pronunciation errors of/g/and/k/.