唇腭裂患儿早期语音干预的研究进展

Research progress on early speech interventions for children with cleft lip and palate

唇腭裂患儿早期发生语音相关障碍风险较高,这些障碍可能会持续到患儿语音发展后期并进展为代偿性发音错误,且早期发音过程中的这些缺陷将直接影响到患儿随后的语音和词汇发展阶段。研究表明,在唇腭裂患儿3岁以前提供聚焦刺激和环境教学等自然干预方式对患儿语言的发展有积极影响,并且能增加患儿音位量和提高辅音正确率。除了语音治疗师进行系统的语音治疗外,家长也可以通过接受语音治疗培训为患儿进行早期语音干预。辅音正确率与辅音表、语音清晰度等其他指标相结合可以用来评估语音干预结果。然而,迄今为止,该领域的许多研究都集中在年龄较大的患儿上。因此,有必要确定在早期语音典型发展阶段提供干预是否会带来更好的结果。未来关于语音干预方面的研究应因注重使用更系统性的语音干预方法,探讨早期语音干预是否对唇腭裂患儿的语音以及今后的身心发展带来积极影响。

Children born with cleft lip and palate(CLP)are at high risk of disorders involving early speech production,and these problems can persist into later childhood,leading to the emergence of compensatory articulation errors.These difficulties in early vocalization directly impact the subsequent development of children’s speech and vocabulary.Studies have shown that providing naturalistic interventions,such as milieu teaching and focused stimulation,for children with CLP in the first three years of life have positive impacts on the speech development of children,such as the potential to increase phonemic inventories and the percentage of correct consonants.In addition to speech and language therapists who perform systematic speech therapy,parents can be trained and supervised to deliver early speech intervention.The percentage of correct consonants can be used to assess outcome measures of speech intervention when combined with other measures,such as consonant inventory and speech intelligibility.However,much recent research in the field has focused on older children.Therefore,it must be determined if intervening during the early phase of typical speech development leads to better results.Future research should use more robust methodological designs to determine whether early speech intervention exhibits a positive impact on the speech and future physical and mental development of children with CLP.