主养“海蜇-缢蛏”生态养殖池塘细菌群落结构特征及其环境驱动因子

Characteristics of Bacterial Community Structure and Environmental Driving Factors in Ecological Culture Pond of "Rhopilema esculentum-Sinonovacula constricta"

为了解海水生态养殖池塘细菌群落结构及其多样性变化,探讨环境因子对其影响,于2021年4月至8月应用16S rDNA高通量测序技术,分析比较了辽宁省东港市北井子镇主养“海蜇-缢蛏”生态养殖池塘水体和沉积物中细菌群落结构及其多样性差异,使用Spearman相关研究环境因子与门水平菌群间相互关系。结果显示,沉积物中细菌多样性指数明显大于水体中细菌多样性;水体与沉积物中细菌群落结构相似度低,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和未分类的(unidentified bacteria)菌门为二者共有优势菌门,水体中变形菌门主要以α-变形菌(α-Proteobacteria)为主,而沉积物中主要以γ-变形菌(γ-Proteobacteria)为主。Spearman相关性分析表明,OTUs丰富度前10的菌群门类中,变形菌门、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和放线杆菌门(Actinobacteriota)与总氮(TN)呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与总磷(TP)呈显著负相关(P<0.05);弯曲杆菌门(Campylobacterota)和未分类的菌门与TN呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与TP呈显著正相关(P<0.05);脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)与TN呈显著负相关(P<0.05),厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)与TP呈显著正相关(P<0.05),其他门类与环境因子相关性不明显。可见,TN和TP是影响“海蜇-缢蛏”养殖池塘细菌群落结构特征的主要环境驱动因子。研究结果可为海水生态养殖模式微生态环境调控提供参考。

In order to understand the changes of bacterial community structure and diversity in marine ecological aquaculture ponds, and explore the effects of environmental factors on them. From April to August 2021, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze and compare the bacterial community structure and diversity differences in water and sediment of mainly keeping in jelly fish-sinonovacula "Rhopilema esculentum-Sinonovacula constricta" ecological aquaculture pond in Beijingzi Town, Donggang City, Liaoning Province. Spearman rank correlation was used to study the relationship between environmental factors and phylum level of bacterial community. The results showed that the bacterial diversity index in sediment was significantly higher than that of planktonic bacteria;the similarity between the community structure of planktonic bacteria and sediment bacteria is low. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and unidentified bacteria are the common dominant bacteria, and Proteobacteria in water is mainly α-Proteobacteria, while Proteobacteria in sediments is dominant mainly γ-Proteobacteria. The Spearman correlation analysis showed that OTUs richness among the top 10 population categories, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteriota were significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen(TN)(P<0.05) and negatively correlated with total phosphorus(TP)(P<0.05);Campylobacterota and unidentified Bacteria were negatively correlated with TN(P<0.05) and positively correlated with TP(P<0.05);There was a significant negative correlation between Desulfobacterota and TN(P<0.05), a significant positive correlation between Firmicutes and TP(P<0.05), and there was no significant correlation between other categories and environmental factors. It is thus clear that TN and TP are the main environmental driving factors affecting the structural characteristics of bacterial community in "Rhopilema esculentum-Sinonovacula constricta" culture pond. The results of the study could provide a reference for the regulation of micro-ecological environment of seawater ecological aquaculture model.