程度副词“蛮”的共时用法、虚化及语用主观性

The Synchronic Usage,Generalization and Pragmatic Subjectivity of the Degree Adverb“蛮(Pretty)”

现代汉语普通话出现了新的程度副词“蛮”,考察“蛮”的共时用法,发现三种词类身份,分别是名词、形容词和程度副词。从句法形式上看,它可以修饰名词、动词和形容词,以不同的词类身份出现构成不同的词或短语。其虚化路径存在两种观点,一种是由名词分别发展成为形容词和程度副词,一种是由名词发展为形容词,再由形容词虚化为副词、程度副词,研究者们对此各持己见。程度副词“蛮”的虚化机制有结构和意义的双重因素,即句位变化和语义泛化。程度副词“蛮”在语用上具有主观性,表现在常与语气词“嘛”共现、常出现在“蛮X的”结构、使用群体的特定性和使用范围等几大方面。

A new degree adverb“(蛮)”has appeared in modern Mandarin Chinese,which can be identified as a noun,adjective or degree adverb.In terms of syntactic form,it can modify nouns,verbs and adjectives,and form different phrases.There are two generalization paths:nouns to adjectives and degree adverbs respectively;nouns to adjectives,then to adjectives and degree adverbs,on which scholars hold different views.The generalization mechanism of the degree adverb“(蛮)”has syntactic position change and semantic generalization.The degree adverb“man(蛮)”is subjective in its usage,which is often used with the tone word“ma(嘛)”in the structure of“Man x de ma(蛮X的嘛)”,featuring the specificity of the use group and the scope of usage.