耕作方式和灌水量对小麦生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of tillage practices and irrigation amount on the growth,development and yield of wheat

【目的】探究耕作方式、灌水量及其互作对小麦生长发育和产量的影响。【方法】在内蒙古赤峰市,选取耕作方式和灌水量两个因素,耕作方式设置旋耕秸秆还田常规播种(XG)、秸秆还田免耕播种(MG)、传统翻耕播种(CT)、深松秸秆还田播种(SS)4种方式,灌水量设置900、1350、1800、2250、2700 m^(3)/hm^(2)5个水平,测定小麦出苗率、株高、叶面积指数、产量性状及籽粒产量等指标,并对各指标的相互关系进行分析。【结果】MG耕作方式下小麦出苗率最高,平均出苗率为96.55%。除CT外,XG、MG、SS耕作方式下小麦成熟期株高均随着灌水量的增加逐渐增高,最高值分别为93.52、95.67、94.00 cm。不同耕作方式对小麦叶面积指数均有影响,不同灌水量处理小麦叶面积指数差异显著(P<0.05)。不同耕作方式下5个灌水量水平对小麦生长发育影响有差异,MG耕作方式下小麦产量高于其他耕作方式,且差异显著(P<0.05);灌水量2700 m^(3)/hm^(2)处理的产量最高,达到8152.63 kg/hm2,其次是灌水量2250 m^(3)/hm^(2)处理,产量为6493.55 kg/hm2。【结论】赤峰市的小麦种植可以采用秸秆还田免耕播种,结合灌水量1350~2250 m^(3)/hm^(2),可达到节水和有效提高产量的目的。

【Objective】To investigate the effects of tillage practices,irrigation amount and their interaction on the growth,development and yield of wheat.【Methods】Two factors,tillage practices and irrigation amount were set in Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia.Four tillage practices,rotary tillage straw mulching conventional sowing(XG),straw mulching no tillage sowing(MG),traditional tilling(CT)and subsoiling straw mulching(SS),and five irrigation levels,900,1350,1800,2250 and 2700 m^(3)/hm^(2)were set to determine wheat seedling rate,plant height,leaf area index,yield traits and grain yield.In addition,the interactions between the indexes were analyzed.【Results】With average seedling rate of 96.55%,MG had the highest seedling rate.Except for CT,under XG,MG and SS treatment,wheat plant height at maturity increased gradually with the increase of irrigation amount,with the maximum of 93.52,95.67 and 94.00 cm,respectively.The wheat leaf area index was affected by tillage practices,and was significantly(P<0.05)different under different irrigation amount.Under different tillage practices the five irrigation levels had different effect on the growth and development of wheat.The wheat yield under MG treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05),and the maximum yield was 8152.63 kg/hm2 under irrigation amount of 2700 m^(3)/hm^(2),followed by the yield of 6493.55 kg/hm2 at irrigation amount of 2250 m^(3)/hm^(2).【Conclusion】In Chifeng City,straw mulching no tillage sowing along with irrigation of 1350-2250 m^(3)/hm^(2)for wheat planting could achieve water conservation and productive yield improvement.