氮肥调控对强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质形成的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation on grain yield and quality formation of strong gluten wheat

【目的】探明氮肥调控对强筋小麦产量与品质形成的影响,为强筋小麦高产、优质栽培提供参考。【方法】以黄淮海冬麦区主推强筋小麦品种师栾02-1、济麦44为试验材料,设置返青期追施氮肥(CK)、拔节期追施氮肥(T1)和拔节期追施氮肥+开花期喷施叶面肥(T2)3个处理,分析不同时期追施氮肥对强筋小麦旗叶SPAD值、籽粒产量及其构成因素、籽粒蛋白质组分和面团流变学特性的影响。【结果】师栾02-1、济麦44的旗叶SPAD值和籽粒产量均随氮肥后移显著增加。师栾02-1 T1和T2处理旗叶SPAD值较CK分别高24.51%和33.01%(花后28 d),籽粒产量较CK分别高12.86%和7.76%;济麦44 T1和T2处理的旗叶SPAD值较CK分别高27.38%和32.30%(花后28 d),籽粒产量较CK分别高8.17%和3.82%。氮肥后移和开花期喷施叶面肥可以显著提升强筋小麦的谷蛋白含量和谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白含量(谷醇比)。师栾02-1 T1和T2处理的谷蛋白含量分别比CK提高了5.48%和16.21%,谷醇比分别比CK提高了6.45%和13.98%;济麦44 T1和T2处理的谷蛋白含量分别比CK提高了6.53%和9.94%,谷醇比分别比CK提高了4.04%和13.29%。氮肥后移和开花期喷施叶面肥对强筋小麦面团的流变学特性存在显著影响。【结论】氮肥后移可以显著提升强筋小麦的旗叶SPAD值,延缓叶片衰老,提高籽粒产量;氮肥后移和开花期喷施叶面肥均可显著提升强筋小麦籽粒品质。

【Objective】To explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation on strong gluten wheat yield and quality formation and to provide support for the cultivation of high yield and high quality strong gluten wheat.【Methods】The main strong gluten wheat varieties Shiluan 02-1 and Jimai 44 in the Huang-Huai-Hai winter wheat region were used as experimental materials.Three treatments were set:topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at green stage(CK),topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage(T1),topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage+foliar fertilizer spraying at flowering stage(T2).The effects of nitrogen topdressing at different stages on flag leaf SPAD value,grain yield and components,grain protein components and dough rheological properties of strong gluten wheat were analyzed.【Results】The flag leaf SPAD value and grain yield of the Shiluan 02-1 and Jimai 44 increased significantly with delayed nitrogen application.The flag leaf SPAD value of T1 and T2 treatments in Shiluan 02-1 was 24.51%and 33.01%higher than that in CK(28 d after anthesis),and the grain yield was 12.86%and 7.76%higher than that in CK,respectively.The flag leaf SPAD value of T1 and T2 treatments of Jimai 44 was 27.38%and 32.30%higher than that in CK(28 d after anthesis),and the grain yield was 8.17%and 3.82%higher than that of CK.Delayed nitrogen application and foliar fertilizer spraying at flowering stage significantly increased strong gluten wheat glutenin content and the ratio of glutenin and gliadin content(glutenin/gliadin).The glutenin content of T1 and T2 treatments in Shiluan 02-1 was 5.48%and 16.21%higher than that in CK,and the glutenin/gliadin was 6.45%and 13.98%higher than that in CK,respectively.The glutenin content of T1 and T2 treatments in Jimai 44 was 6.53%and 9.94%higher than that in CK,and the glutenin/gliadin was 4.04%and 13.29%higher than that in CK,respectively.Delayed nitrogen application and foliar fertilizer spraying at flowering stage significantly affected the rheological properties of strong gluten wheat.【Conclusion】Delayed nitrogen application significantly increased flag leaf SPAD value of strong gluten wheat,delayed leaf senescence,and improved grain yield.Both delayed nitrogen application and foliar fertilizer spraying at flowering stage significantly improved grain quality of strong gluten wheat.