不同燕麦品种抗蚜性鉴定及其生产性能综合评价

Identification of aphid resistance of different oat varieties and comprehensive evaluation of the production performance

【目的】筛选抗蚜等级高、生产性能强、综合表现优异的燕麦品种,为内蒙古燕麦产业的健康发展提供理论参考。【方法】在呼和浩特市土默特左旗中国农业科学院草原研究所沙尔沁农牧交错区试验基地,以17个燕麦品种为供试材料,采用蚜量比值法进行田间抗蚜性鉴定,并确定各品种的抗蚜等级,以农艺性状和产量为指标比较品种间生产性能的差异,以农艺性状、产量和蚜量比值为指标开展双变量相关性分析和系统聚类分析。【结果】供试燕麦品种的抗蚜性共分为6个等级,白燕7号、蒙燕3号、青海444、青引2号表现为高抗;青海甜燕麦和青燕1号表现为中抗;蒙饲燕2号、领袖、贝勒、太阳神和黄燕麦表现为低抗;坝燕1号、坝燕7号表现为低感;坝燕5号表现为中感;爱沃126、燕王和福瑞至表现为高感。白燕7号、太阳神株高可达1.18 m以上,显著高于坝燕7号、领袖、燕王、青引2号、爱沃126、福瑞至(P<0.05);贝勒鲜草产量最高(4.34 kg/m^(2)),且显著高于除坝燕5号、爱沃126外的其他品种(P<0.05);太阳神干草产量最高(1.69 kg/m^(2)),显著高于坝燕7号和青引2号(P<0.05);17个燕麦品种的鲜干比无显著差异(P>0.05),爱沃126鲜干比最高(2.98),青海444鲜干比最低(1.86)。聚类分析结果显示,不同燕麦品种蚜量比值、株高和产量表现存在差异;第Ⅰ类燕麦品种(青海甜燕麦、蒙燕3号、青海444、白燕7号、领袖、青燕1号、黄燕麦、太阳神、坝燕1号、坝燕5号、坝燕7号、蒙饲燕2号)综合表现强。【结论】青海甜燕麦、蒙燕3号、青海444、白燕7号、领袖、青燕1号、黄燕麦、太阳神、坝燕1号、坝燕5号、坝燕7号、蒙饲燕2号抗蚜性强、生产性能较好、综合表现优异,适宜在内蒙古土默特左旗种植。

【Objective】To select oat varieties with high aphid resistance,strong production performance and excellent comprehensive performance,to provide theoretical references for the healthy development of the oat industry in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In Shaerqin farming-pastoral test site of Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Tumed Left Banner,Hohhot,taking 17 oat varieties as test materials,the aphid resistance was identified by aphid ratio method.The aphid resistance grade of each variety was determined.And the agronomic traits and yield were used as indicators to compare the differences in production performance of the varieties.Bivariate correlation analysis and systematic cluster analysis were performed using agronomic parameters,yield,and aphid ratio as indicators.【Results】The aphid resistance of the test oat varieties was categorized into 6 grades.Baiyan No.7,Mengyan No.3,Qinghai 444,and Qingyin No.2 had high resistance.Qinghaitian oats and Qingyan No.1 showed medium resistance.Mengsiyan No.2,Lingxiu,Beile,Taiyangshen,and Yellow Oats had low resistance.Bayan No.1 and Bayan No.7 were low susceptible.Bayan No.5 was medium susceptible.Aiwo126,Yanwang and Furuizhi were highly susceptible.The plant height of Baiyan No.7 and Taiyangshen reached over 1.18 m,which was significantly higher than that of Bayan No.7,Lingxiu,Yanwang,Qingyin No.2,Aiwo 126,Furuizhi(P<0.05).Beile had the highest fresh grass yield(4.34 kg/m^(2)),which was significantly higher(P<0.05)than other varieties except Bayan No.5 and Aiwo 126.Taiyangshen had the highest hay yield(1.69 kg/m^(2)),which was significantly higher(P<0.05)than that of Bayan No.7 and Qingyin No.2.There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in the fresh-to-dry ratio of the 17 oat varieties.Aiwo 126 had the highest(2.98)fresh-to-dry ratio,while Qinghai 444 had the lowest(1.86).The results of cluster analysis showed that the aphid ratio,plant height and yield performance of different oat varieties varied.The comprehensive performance of class Ⅰ oat varieties(Qinghaitian oats,Mengyan No.3,Qinghai 444,Baiyan No.7,Lingxiu,Qingyan No.1,Yellow Oats,Taiyangshen,Bayan No.1,Bayan No.5,Bayan No.7,and Mengsiyan No.2)was stronger.【Conclusion】Qinghaitian oats,Mengyan No.3,Qinghai 444,Baiyan No.7,Lingxiu,Qingyan No.1,Yellow Oats,Taiyangshen,Bayan No.1,Bayan No.5,Bayan No.7 and Mengsiyan No.2 had strong aphid resistance,good production performance,and excellent comprehensive performance.They were suitable for planting in Tumed Left Banner in Inner Mongolia.