从《热河日记》看朴趾源的文化心态

Pak Chi-won ’s Cultural Mentality from His Jehol Diary

朴趾源在慕华崇文心态的驱使下详细记录了他在使华途中对清代乾隆年间社会文化的广泛见闻,他关注当朝第一流的学者,留心不同文化场域的文化符号,真实记录民间百姓喜闻乐见的俗文学。同时,朴趾源也深受朝鲜国内尊明攘夷思潮的影响,以冷眼旁观的态度对乾隆年间统治者推行朱子之学笼络士人的文化举措、官方组织编纂大型图书的文化工程及士人中盛行的注释学风气等一系列文化现象进行理性批判。结合朝鲜国情及使华见闻,朴趾源吸收借鉴了中华传统儒家文化中的“利用厚生”观念,提出了发展朝鲜的工商业,学习清朝社会先进发展的器物制度等实学理念。

Driven by his admiration for China and its culture, Pak Chi-won records in detail his extensive experience of the society and culture of the Qing dynasty during the Qianlong period(1736-1796) focusing on the first-rate scholars and paying attention to the cultural symbols of different cultural fields. He was also deeply influenced by the idea of respecting the Ming Dynasty and expelling the barbarians. He critiqued the ruler’s cultural initiative to enlist the scholars by promoting the study of Zhu Zi and the official project of compiling large dictionaries during the Qianlong period. Taking into account the national conditions and his experiences in China, Pak Chi-won proposed the development of industry and commerce in his country and the learning from Chinese Confucianism concept of make-full-use-of-everything-for-the-public-good.