航空燃气涡轮发动机碰摩研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospect of Rubbing Problem on Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines

转静件碰摩是航空发动机中常见的故障现象,对发动机的安全可靠运转具有重要影响。从力学本质上,碰摩具有多物理场耦合、跨尺度和强非线性特征,碰摩结构的动力学行为极为复杂。主要以航空发动机工程需求为出发点,介绍了航空发动机中碰摩类型、碰摩力学效应及其引起的结构件损伤或失效形式;从碰摩局部力学模型和整体力学模型两方面梳理了碰摩动力学建模的主要成果;阐述了转子、叶片-盘-机匣、旋转壳体等结构件在碰摩过程中的非线性动力学行为的研究进展。对今后航空发动机碰摩研究的发展方向和工作重点进行了展望,提出要进一步完善和发展碰摩局部力学行为、跨尺度力学模型和非线性碰摩动力学特性相关理论技术,并针对当前工程亟需建立转静件碰摩损伤评估与危害度评价方法。

Rub-impact of rotating and stationary components is a common fault in aeroengine,which has a great influence on engine safety and reliability.From the point of view of mechanics,rub-impact features multi-physics,multi-scale,and strong nonlinearity.Therefore,the dynamic behaviors of rub-impact are extremely complex.Based on the engineering requirements of aeroengine,the types of rub-impact,the mechanical effects of rub-impact and the damage/failure modes caused by rub-impact are introduced.The main achievements of dynamic modeling are summarized from the aspects of the local mechanical model and global mechanical model.The research progress in nonlinear dynamic behaviors of the rotor,blade-disk-casingand rotating shells is discussed in detail.Some recommendations for future research are proposed,including the development and improvement of relevant theories and technologies related to local behavior of rub-impact,multi-scale model and nonlinear dynamics,as well as the urgent need to establish the damage and hazard assessment methods of rotor-stator rub-impact in aeroengine.