乡村振兴背景下村庄道路规划智能化研究——以广州市花都区港头村为例

Intelligent Planning of Village Roads for Rural Revitalization:A Case Study of Gangtou Village,Huadu District,Guangzhou

自乡村振兴战略提出以来,村庄规划受到越来越多重视,其核心内容之一是道路规划。以村庄作为规划单元,采用定性与定量相结合的模糊层次分析法量化影响村庄道路规划的自然、社会、人口等因素及其权重,采用加权叠加分析形成多要素叠加的村庄全域综合成本栅格,构建一个流程化的村庄道路规划GIS工具,采用最小成本路径算法自动生成综合成本最小的村庄道路网。并以广州市花都区的港头村为例,验证方法、技术流程和GIS工具的可行性,高效生成了村庄全域综合成本栅格。根据居住区、耕地、历史古迹、公共设施和对外道路出入口等要素,自动提取村庄规划道路的共5类7个起点16个终点,自动生成多起点到多终点的4级村庄道路,包括主干道路4条、次干道路2条、生产型支路9条、生活型支路13条和环村路1条。验证结果表明,文章提出的村庄道路规划方法能生成符合要求的多类型多等级村庄道路,不仅建设成本最小,且具有较好的连通性和实用性,以期提升村庄道路规划智能化水平以助力乡村振兴。

A rural revitalization strategy has been proposed,and more attention has been paid to village planning,which has become an important measure to adjust to local conditions,implement policies accurately,and build a beautiful countryside.The core of rural revitalization involves planning first,promoting industry,serving the countryside,and planning the village as the unit.An important aspect of village planning is road planning and design,which is essential to further connect agricultural production,country living,and ecological space of the village;promote production;serve life;and strengthen traffic between the village and the external region.Owing to the differences in geographical and natural conditions and the level of economic development between urban and rural areas in China,village road planning cannot copy the previous methods of road route selection and urban road planning.Instead,it is necessary to explore a universal,efficient,and intelligent village road planning method that considers the actual situation of rural development by considering agricultural production,villagers’lives,industrial development,historical and cultural protection,and other factors.In the context of rural revitalization,this study takes the village as the planning unit,considers the natural environment,current layout,and development needs of the village,uses the qualitative and quantitative fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to analyze and quantify the natural,social,demographic and other factors of the village road planning and their weights,and uses the weighted superposition analysis method to form a comprehensive cost grid of the village with multiple elements.A process-based village road planning GIS tool is constructed,and the minimum cost path algorithm was used to automatically generate the village road network with the minimum comprehensive cost.Taking Gangtou Village in Huadu District of Guangzhou City as an example,the feasibility of the above methods,technical processes,and GIS tools was verified,and a village-wide comprehensive cost grid was efficiently generated.According to the five elements of residential areas,cultivated land,historical monuments,public facilities,and entrances and exits of external roads,five categories,seven starting points,and 16 ending points of village planning roads were automatically extracted,and a four-level village road from multiple starting points to multiple ending points was automatically generated,including four main roads with a width of 5-8meters,two secondary main roads with a width of 3-5 meters,nine productive branch roads with a width of 2-3meters,13 living branch roads,and one village road.The results show that the village road planning method proposed here can efficiently generate multi-type and multi-level village roads,and the planned road network not only has a minimum construction cost but also good connectivity and practicability.The village road-planning method proposed in this study integrates natural,social,demographic,and industrial development factors and their characteristics,providing systematic ideas and automated methods for village road planning.This is helpful for promoting the intelligence of village road planning.