中国农房现状及农房满意度研究

Functional Changes and Satisfaction Evaluation of Rural Housing in China

乡村振兴背景下,乡村人居环境得到明显改善,农房日益现代化。因农村地区数据获取难度较大,关于全国农房现状及农村居民对农房满意度的研究相对较少。为展现当前中国农房的基本状况及地区差异,了解影响农房满意度的因素,文章采用2021年住房和城乡建设部开展的乡村建设评价工作中的村民问卷调查数据,从农房的结构与功能变化和农村居民对农房的主观满意度2个方面入手,分析农房基本情况及农村居民对农房的认知,并采用有序Probit模型对影响农房满意度的因素进行回归分析。结果表明:1)当前农房已由传统农房向现代农房转变,农房住房条件得到改善,但农房内部设施仍较为落后,农房设施现代化水平在区域间存在较大差异。单栋农房建筑面积呈现“南高北低”的空间特征;农房建成时间呈现“中西新、东部旧”的空间特征;水冲式厕所和淋浴设施呈现“南高北低”的空间特征,这也是农房区域差异最大的2项设施;独立厨房、天然气呈现“南高北低、东高西低”的空间特征。2)农房的功能设施显著影响农村居民对于农房的满意度,性别、年龄、家庭收入等个人特征亦是影响满意度的重要因素。3)未来农房建设应更加注重农房功能设施配套,农房建设与村庄建设相互衔接的问题,还应建设更适应年轻人的生活方式和居住需求的现代农房。

China implemented a rural revitalization strategy in 2018 to promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.The modernization of rural dwellings is of great significance for rural modernization;however,only few studies have been conducted in the context of the modernization of rural housing in China due to the difficulties of obtaining data.Consquently,little attention has been paid to the current state of rural housing and perceptions of rural residents.This study was conducted to understand the current basic situation of rural housing in China and the satisfaction of rural residents with it and to analyze the factors that influence satisfaction.Using data from 2021,this study discussed the changes in rural housing in China and the current satisfaction of rural residents with their houses.We selected seven categories to measure the functional facilities of rural housing:electricity,pipe water,flush toilets,shower facilities,kitchens,gas,and the Internet.We analyzed modern changes in rural housing from the aspects of structure and function and residents’housing satisfaction.Furthermore,this study used an ordered probit model to analyze the relationship between these functions and rural residents’housing satisfaction.The following conclusions were drawn:1)The current rural houses have been transformed from traditional to modern,and the housing conditions of rural housing have been improved.However,internal facilities are still relatively backward,especially in toilets and shower facilities.2)Rural houses in different regions differ in their features and facilities.The building area of a single rural house shows spatial characteristics of high in the south and low in the north.The construction of the house was new in the west and old in the east.Flush toilets and shower facilities were the two facilities with the most regional differences,which were high in the south and low in the north.Kitchen and piped gas were high in the south and east and low in the north and west.3)Rural residents’satisfaction with their rural housing was 3.7.The facilities of rural housing significantly affect rural residents’satisfaction,and personal characteristics,such as gender,age,and household income,are also important factors affecting satisfaction.Rural residents’perceptions of rural housing are shifting from a focus on newness and size to a focus on function and quality,which are mainly reflected in the demand for various facilities inside the house.Based on the findings of this study,we make the following suggestions:1)For rural houses in poor condition,in addition to completing the identification and maintenance of housing safety,increased attention should be paid to functional facilities,especially for the improvement of flush toilets and shower facilities.2)The government can provide assistance for the construction of rural houses,such as monitoring the qualifications of design and construction agents,providing specific guidelines and requirements for the construction of internal facilities of rural houses,and providing samples for reference.In the future,we should consider how to coordinate the construction of rural housing with infrastructure,such as water supply,drainage,and sewerage,and the construction of rural housing and villages should be closely integrated.