广东省乡村休闲旅游地空间分布格局及影响因素

Spatial Distribution Patterns and Influencing Factors of Rural Leisure Tourism Sites in Guangdong Province

以广东文化和旅游厅发布的650个乡村休闲旅游地为研究对象,借助GIS空间分析及数理统计分析,探讨了广东省乡村休闲旅游地的空间分布格局及影响因素。研究表明:1)广东省乡村休闲旅游地在空间上呈现显著的集聚特征,整体表现为“两条轴带,多个增长极”的分布模式,且各邻域乡村休闲旅游地之间具有明显的空间依赖性。2)整体乡村休闲旅游地特征空间尺度为118.36 km,各类型乡村休闲旅游地特征空间尺度表现出一定差异,具有明显的尺度依赖性,其中历史遗存类区位布局的空间范围最大;其次是民俗文化类和聚落建筑类,两者较为接近,但前者的集聚强度高于后者;自然景观类和产业融合类受自身数量及资源禀赋等因素制约,空间分布的范围相对较小。同时,随着空间距离的增大,各类型乡村休闲旅游地集聚程度均表现为“先增大后减小”的趋势。3)资源禀赋、交通可达、景区辐射作为供给因素,是广东省乡村休闲旅游地布局发展的基础;人口经济、客源市场作为需求因素,是影响布局的关键;政策支持、发展规划是管理因素,为布局发展提供重要保障;创新因素驱动乡村休闲旅游的转型与升级。供给、需求、管理、创新4个维度共同调节,影响乡村休闲旅游空间格局的形成。

Rural leisure tourism plays a key role in promoting the development,revitalization,and industrial restructuring of rural areas.However,there exist only a few studies on the distribution patterns and influencing factors based on point-like leisure tourism villages.Therefore,this study analyzed the spatial distribution pattern of 650 rural leisure tourism sites,announced by the Department of Culture and Tourism of Guangdong Province,based on the methods of the nearest neighbor index,kernel density analysis,and Ripley’s K-function in geographic information system technology.The influencing factors of spatial distribution characteristics were also explored by combining buffer zone,raster,and correlation analyses.The conclusions drawn were five-fold.First,the rural leisure tourism sites in Guangdong Province showed the spatial distribution of significant clustering with the overall pattern of"two axes and multiple growth poles".Second,based on the overall distribution along the border and coast,the distribution was evaluated according to the high and low nuclear density values and formed a relatively independent agglomeration of single-core or double-core.The spatial pattern analysis exhibited the significant spatial autocorrelation between rural leisure tourism sites and the pronounced differences between hot and cold regions.Third,the overall spatial distance of rural leisure tourism sites was 118.36 km,with the agglomeration degree showing a trend of"first increasing and then decreasing"as the spatial distance increased.The spatial distances of the characteristics of each type of rural leisure tourism site showed significant differentiation.The spatial distance of historical relics was the largest and showed a strong agglomeration in a large spatial range.The spatial distance of folk culture and village architecture was ranked second,being close to one another.Due to the limitation of their resource endowment and other factors,the spatial distance of the natural landscape and industrial integration was the smallest,showing pronounced scale dependency.Fourth,among the influencing factors,resource endowment,traffic accessibility,and attractive scenic area as the supply-side factors provided the basis for developing the layout of rural leisure tourism in Guangdong Province.Social economy and tourism market as the demand-side factors were the key influencers of the layout.Public policy support and development planning were the management factors that secured the layout development.Innovation factors promoted the renewal and development of supply,demand,and management levels as a way to encourage the transformation and upgrading of rural leisure tourism.The joint regulation of multiple factors in the four dimensions of supply,demand,management,and innovation contributed to the formation of the spatial distribution pattern of the rural leisure tourism sites in Guangdong Province.Finally,the study posed relevant suggestions derived from the present case study to provide the basis for the optimal resource allocation and layout for the rural leisure tourism sites in Guangdong Province.