非洲文学国族想象的话语困境与批评重构

Discourse Dilemmas and Cultural Reflections of National Imagination in African Literature

长期以来,相比于处于主流与中心位置的西方文学,非洲文学无论创作还是批评都处于边缘的位置,其边缘身份源自西方他者的操控及非洲文学主体性的迷失,但不可忽视的是,在现代非洲社会文化转型进程中,非洲作家在自塑非洲形象时,一直试图将民族国家文化的本土化嵌入现代性的结构中,以获取民族性与现代性的双重视域;从他塑到自塑,体现出非洲文学超越西方话语制导的理论自觉。在廓清非洲文学“殖民内置”与“自我东方主义”的基础上,非洲文学批评应植入“对位批评”的话语形态,为重构非洲文学现代传统及自主批评体系夯实基础。

For a long time,compared with western literature which is in the mainstream and central position,African literature is in a marginal position in terms of creation and criticism.Its marginal identity stems from the manipulation of the western others and the loss of the subjectivity of African literature.However,it cannot be ignored that in the process of social and cultural transformation in modern Africa,African writers have been trying to embed the localization of national culture into the structure of modernity when shaping the image of Africa,In order to obtain the dual vision of nationality and modernity;From“he shaping”to“self shaping”,it reflects the theoretical consciousness of African literature beyond the guidance of western discourse.On the basis of clarifying the“colonial built-in”and“self orientalism”of African literature,African literary criticism should be implanted into the discourse form of“contrapuntal criticism”to lay a solid foundation for reconstructing the modern tradition of African literature and the system of independent criticism.