布洛赫“尚未”视域中的“现实”概念及其文学表达

On the Concept and Literary Expression of“Reality”from the Perspective of Bloch’s“Not-Yet”

布洛赫从“尚未”范畴出发,构建了朝向乌托邦的开放的体系。“尚未意识”和“尚未存在”扩展了“现实”的边界,由此,过去没有或没能发生的,现在处于动态过程之中的,将来必然或者有可能发生的,都因寓居其中的可能性而成为现实的一部分;现实不再只是既有之物,其还将客观可能延长线上部分囊括其中。基于“尚未”视域下的“现实”概念,布洛赫为表现主义辩护;同时,以歌德的《浮士德》为例,布洛赫赋予浮士德终极一生的探索之旅以超越性特征,并认为他是“乌托邦人类的典范”。

Starting from the category of“Not-Yet”,Bloch constructed an open system towards utopia.“Not-yet-conscious”and“not-yet-being”extend the boundary of“reality”,hence what did not or could not happen in the past,what is in a dynamic process at present,and what inevitably or possibly happen in the future,become a part of reality because of the possibility living in it.Reality is no longer just what already exists,but also includes the extension of the objective possible part of it.Based on the concept of“Reality”from the perspective of“Not-Yet”,Bloch defended Expressionism,and by taking Goethe’s Faust as an example,he gave Faust’s exploration along his whole life the character of transcendence and treated him as“the paragon of utopian human”.