乡村振兴背景下返乡回流农民工主观幸福感研究——外出务工经历的潜在影响

A Study on the Subjective Well-being of Return Migrants in the Context of Rural Revitalization:The Potential Effect of Migration Experiences

在农民工返乡回流常态化趋势之下,关注返乡回流农民工的心理状态,进而激活其人力资本可以为实现乡村振兴增添新动能。研究表明,与农村留守居民相比,返乡回流农民工的主观幸福感偏低,这一现象在老一辈和受教育水平较低的群体中尤为突出。在采用倾向得分匹配法纠正可观测的自我选择偏误、递归双变量Probit模型解决潜在的内生性问题及一系列稳健性检验后,结论依然成立。中介效应分析显示,返乡回流农民工主观幸福感之所以低于农村留守居民与返乡回流农民工收入满意度与社会公平感“双下降”有关。出于对美好生活的向往,返乡回流农民工的生活评价标准不会“返乡随乡”,返乡回流农民工也不会因为返回家乡而将幸福自评的参照对象相应调整为农村留守居民,由于外出务工经历而产生的城乡差距感知潜在地影响返乡回流农民工的主观幸福感。因此,政策制定者应该从幸福角度创造返乡回流“引力”,提高农民工的回流意愿与他们返乡后的主观幸福感,从而激活乡村振兴的内生动力。

Under the trend of normalization of migrant workers returning home,paying attention to the psychological state of return migrants and activating their human capital can add new momentum to the rural revitalization. The results show that compared with the rural stayers who have never migrated,the subjective well-being of return migrants is lower,which is particularly pronounced among the older generation and the groups with lower levels of education. The conclusion is still robust after correcting the observable self-selection bias with the propensity score matching method,solving the potential endogeneity problem with the recursive bivariate probit model,and using a series of robustness tests. The mediating effect analysis shows that the decrease of subjective well-being of return migrants is related to the "double decline" of income satisfaction and sense of social justice. Due to the yearning for a better life,the life evaluation standard of return migrants will no longer take the village as the standard,nor will the returning migrant workers adjust the reference object of the self-evaluation of their well-being to the rural stayers who have never migrated. The perception of the gap between urban and rural areas caused by the migration experiences will affect the subjective well-being of return migrants. Therefore,the policy-makers should create the “attraction”from the perspective of happiness,strengthen the willingness to return and the subjective well-being of migrant workers, and activate the endogenous motivation of rural revitalization.