贝尔纳科学学在中国的兴起

The Rise of J. D. Bernal’s Science of Science in China

贝尔纳科学学传入中国,对20世纪70年代末至80年代初中国科学学学科的早期发展起到了重要作用。文章追溯这段历史,介绍了《科学的社会功能》《历史上的科学》等贝尔纳名著在中国的翻译出版,论及钱学森等学者对贝尔纳科学学的接纳与吸收,从召开学术研讨会、中国科学学与科技政策研究会成立、学术期刊和研究机构等方面阐述中国科学学学科的建立,还谈及贝尔纳科学学传人普赖斯、马凯等对中国的帮助。

J. D. Bernal’s science of science, guided by Marxist thought, has made a deep discussion on the development of science and technology, and its revolution, planning and management. The introduction to J. D. Bernal’s science of science into China played an important role in the early development of science of science in China from the late 1970s to the early 1980s.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, with the establishment and development of the new scientific and technological system, J. D. Bernal’s works have been continuously introduced to China, and were translated and published respectively into the Chinese versions, such as Science and Socialism, Science and Society, Science in History, Social Functions of Science. In addition, the other two collections of papers, Translation Collection of Science of Science and Science of Science: Society in the Age of Technology, were translated and introduced to China by the scholars, which also promoted the spread of Bernal’s science of science in China.Hsue-shen Tsien, a famous Chinese scientist, made a long academic speech on modern science and technology for the Central School of the Chinese Communist Party in October 1977, proposing that there should be a discipline of "science of science", specializing in the study of the structure of the science and technology system, and formally used the concept of "science of science" for the first time in China. Regarding J. D. Bernal as the founder of science of science, domestic scholars have been absorbing nutrients from Bernal’s works and gradually developed their own unique research path of science of science.In July 1979, the first academic symposium on science of science was held in Beijing, which was jointly sponsored by the Office of the Academic Department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the editor’s office of the journal of Transaction of Natural Dialectics. In November 1980, with the support of the State Commission of Science and Technology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the second symposium on science of science was successfully held in Hefei, Anhui Province. In 1982, the Chinese Association of Science of Science and S&T Policy Research(CASSTP) was officially established. Subsequently, specialized academic journals, research institutions, university courses, etc. also gradually emerged, and the discipline of science of science in China under the guidance of J. D. Bernal’s science of science was established.In the early period of the growth of science of science in China, Derek Price have kept in communication with Chinese scholars for almost four years, which has had an important impact on the rise of science of science in China, especially on scientometrics, which is at the initial stage of development. Alan Mackay, J. D. Bernal’s student and successor, has visited China many times, established friendly relations with Chinese scholars, and played an important role in helping Chinese scholars understand the research status of the world’s leading scholars.In a word, J. D. Bernal’s science of science was introduced into China and enriched and developed. After being fully absorbed and localized in combination with China’s reality, various branches of science of science came into being, which went through a very tortuous and long process. In the rapidly developing 21st century China, J. D. Bernal’s science of science will have a deeper and wider impact on science and society.