长大隧道建设与运营安全致灾风险评估综述

Overview of Hazard Risk Assessment of Long and Large Scale Tunnels during Construction and Operation

随着我国长大、特大隧道不断涌现,隧道工程建设高速发展,而隧道风险评估领域研究稍显滞后,影响精品化隧道工程与高质量发展。对国内外长大隧道建设与运营阶段风险评估现状开展综述研究,从单因素评价法到多因素评价法对风险评估方法进行介绍及优缺点评价,并针对隧道建设阶段涌水、塌方、岩爆等风险,阐述单因素风险评估现状。同时介绍目前主要的风险评估方法,包括(模糊)层次分析法、贝叶斯网络法、神经网络法,并对不同方法进行简要评价。最后,就目前隧道领域风险评估进行总结,对该领域未来发展提供建议,以期为该领域工程和研究人员提供一定参考。

Design and construction of long and large scale tunnels have been developing rapidly in China, whereas the tunnel risk assessment falls behind. Risk assessment has been gradually developed from single-factor evaluation to multi-factor evaluation, and this paper provides a comprehensive review of the disaster risk assessment of long and large scale tunnels during construction and operation stages and discusses their corresponding advantages and disadvantages. The single-factor evaluation for water gushing, collapse, and rock burst are introduced in detail. The main risk assessment methods are also introduced and evaluated, including(fuzzy) analytic hierarchy process, Bayesian networks, and neural networks. Finally, the current research status of tunnel risk assessment is summarized and some suggestions are provided for future development of this field, which are intended to offer some references for engineers and researchers in tunnel engineering.