基于GIS的风沙地区铁路选线不良地质环境建模及线路优化设计研究

Research on Unfavorable Geology Environment Modeling and Alignment Optimization Design for Railway Route Selection in Wind-sand Area Based on GIS

风沙地区铁路选线主要受制于地质因素、环境因素,实现沿线区域地质环境建模是减灾选线及线路优化设计的基础。为提高沙害区线路方案设计的效率与水平,借助遥感技术实现铁路沿线风沙灾害信息识别与提取,设计多源异构地质数据的入库规则与存储方式,建立基于GIS的风沙地区铁路选线不良地质信息库,实现灾害数据的统一管理;利用获取的选线区域矢量、栅格、专题数据,基于GIS建模功能构建风沙区选线地质环境模型,实现不良地质信息的多维表达与空间分析,通过可视化的立体选线方法进行线路方案的优化设计。以格库铁路某沙害区选线为例,建立线路三维地质环境实体模型,通过分析风沙流对平面穿越和立体绕避2个线路方案的危害程度,得到了较为合理的设计结果。研究表明,本方法能够为今后风沙地区铁路选线设计提供一定的技术支撑。

Railway alignment design in wind-sand area is mainly subject to geological and environmental factors. The realization of regional geological environment modeling along the railway is the basis of the route selection for disaster reduction and optimization design. In order to improve the efficiency and level of railway scheme design in sand disaster areas, the unfavorable geological information database for railway route design in wind-sand area based on GIS is established with recognition and extraction of disaster information about wind sand along the railway with the help of remote sensing technology, and unified management of disaster data is realized by means of the design of storage mode and rules of multi-source heterogeneous geological information. With obtained vector, grid and thematic data of areas along the railway, the geological environment for railway alignment design in wind-sand area is created based on the modeling function of GIS. On the basis of realizing the multi-dimensional expression and spatial analysis of unfavorable geological information, the route scheme is optimized through the visual three-dimensional alignment design method. With reference to a wind-sand damage area from the Golmud-Korla Railway, a three-dimensional geological environment model of the section is established. The research results show that this method can provide some technical support for railway alignment design in wind-sand area in the future.