湖州城郊啮齿动物及鼠传病原体流行分布

Epidemiologic investigation of rodent-borne pathogens and rodents in suburban areas of Huzhou,Zhejiang

目的调查湖州市城郊啮齿动物分布以及3种鼠传病原体流行状况。方法2019年9—11月应用夹夜法、笼夜法和粘鼠板法在南浔、德清和长兴3个地区按不同生境捕获啮齿动物,采集肺、肝、脾和肾组织样品提取核酸,应用实时荧光定量PCR方法(qPCR)检测病原体。不同组间样本率或分布情况的比较采用Fisher确切概率法,以α=0.05为检验水准,两两比较采用校正检验水准α′=0.05/[k(k-1)]进行比较。结果共捕获啮齿动物105只,其中黑线姬鼠39只、黄胸鼠37只、褐家鼠6只、中华姬鼠3只和鼩鼱20只,不同地区动物种类总体分布不同(P<0.05)。105只啮齿动物应用实时荧光定量PCR检测钩端螺旋体、恙虫病东方体和新型布尼亚病毒等鼠传病原体,共检出阳性动物9只,感染率为8.57%。不同监测地区啮齿动物鼠传病原体感染率不同(P=0.025),两两比较差异无统计学意义(均P>α′)。不同监测地区钩端螺旋体阳性率不同(P=0.0079),德清啮齿动物钩端螺旋体阳性率(17.95%)高于长兴(2.86%)、南浔(0%),但两两间差异无统计学意义(均P>α′)。不同属种啮齿动物中褐家鼠鼠传病原体感染率33.33%,黑线姬鼠感染率12.82%,黄胸鼠感染率5.41%。同一种啮齿动物检出病原体分布情况为黄胸鼠检出钩端螺旋体和恙虫病东方体,褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠检出钩端螺旋体。结论湖州地区啮齿动物可携带钩端螺旋体、恙虫病东方体等病原体,应加强重点地区动物宿主的流行分布和病原学调查,采取鼠传疾病的针对性防制工作。

This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of three rodent-borne pathogens and rodents in selected suburban areas of Huzhou,Zhejiang.From September to November of 2019,rodents were collected by the cage-at-night method,the trap-at-night method and the stick-at-night method in the towns of Nanxun,Deqing and Changxing.The pathogens of Leptospira,Orientia tsutsugamushi and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in rodent lungs,livers,spleens and kidneys were subjected to TaqMan fluorescent probe-based quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR).The exact probability method was used to compare the rates or distributions between groups,and pairwise comparison was checked with calibration Chi-square analysis.A total of 105 rodents were captured,including 39 Apodemus agrarius,37 Rattus tanezumi,six Rattus norvegicus,three Apodemus draco and 20 Soricidae.The distribution of rodents in different areas was distinct,and showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).On the basis of qPCR,9 of 105 rodents showed infection(8.57%).The infection rates of the rodents statistically differed by location(P=0.025),but no significant differences were observed in pairwise comparison(P>α′=0.0083).The Leptospira infection rate in rodents statistically differed(P=0.0079):the infection rate in rodents in Deqing County(17.95%)was slightly higher than those in Changxing County(2.86%)and Nanxun District(0%)(all P>α′).The infection rates of different species showed slight differences:the rate for Rattus norvegicus was 33.33%,the rate for Apodemus agrarius was 12.82%,and the rate for Rattus tanezumi was 5.41%.The distribution of pathogens varied in the same rodent species,but the differences were not statistically significant.Leptospira and Orientia tsutsugamushi were detected in Rattus tanezumi.Leptospira was detected in Rattus flavipectus,Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius.Rodents in Huzhou can carry the pathogens of Leptospira and Orientia tsutsugamushi,and attention should be paid to the epidemic distribution and etiology of animal hosts in this area.Targeted prevention and control measures should be undertaken for rat-borne diseases.