浙江省石松类和蕨类植物的物种多样性研究

Study on species diversity of lycophytes and ferns in Zhejiang province

物种编目是了解生物多样性的基础。采用张宪春的石松类和蕨类植物科属分类系统,对浙江省石松类和蕨类植物的物种多样性进行了统计分析。结果表明,(1)浙江省石松类植物有3科、5属、27种,蕨类植物有32科、84属、410种(计入无模式种的种下等级,不计入有模式种的种下等级),种数较多的7个科为鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae(95种)、水龙骨科Polypodiaceae(51种)、蹄盖蕨科Athyriaceae(51种)、凤尾蕨科Pteridaceae(49种)、金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae(43种)、铁角蕨科Aspleniaceae(27种)、碗蕨科Dennstaedtiaceae(17种),均为核心薄囊蕨类;种数较多的6个属为鳞毛蕨属Dryopteris(43种)、铁角蕨属Asplenium(24种)、双盖蕨属Diplazium(21种)、耳蕨属Polystichum(20种)、凤尾蕨属Pteris(18种)、复叶耳蕨属Arachniodes(16种)。(2)在属的分布区类型中,分布于热带和亚热带地区的有54属,占属总数的60.67%,分布于温带地区的有15属,占属总数的16.85%,其中主要以泛热带分布为主,有31属,占属总数的34.83%。(3)在种的分布区类型中,非中国特有354种,占种总数的81.01%,其中以东亚分布为主,热带亚洲分布次之;中国特有83种,占种总数(除世界分布)的19.39%,其中分布于华东-华中+华南-西南(至西北)的最多,有24种。(4)古植物资料和现代物种均体现了区系起源的古老性,原始石松类(包括石松科、水韭科、卷柏科3科、27种)可溯源至早泥盆世;在蕨类植物中,木贼科、瓶尔小草科、松叶蕨科、合囊蕨科4科(共10种)起源相对较早。(5)在浙江省石松类和蕨类植物中,5种被列入浙江省重点保护野生植物;3种被列入国家一级重点保护野生植物,分别为中华水韭Isoetes sinensis、东方水韭I.orientalis、保东水韭I.baodongii;11种被列入国家二级重点保护野生植物,包括伏贴石杉Huperzia selago var.appressa、四川石杉H.sutchueniana、金毛狗Cibotium barometz等。

Species inventory is the basis for understanding biodiversity.The classification system of lycophytes and ferns developed by ZHANG Xianchun was adopted to analyze the species diversity of lycophytes and ferns in Zhejiang province.The results showed that(1)there were 27 species of lycophytes in 3 families,5 genera,and 410 species of ferns in 32 families,84 genera(including subspecies of non-type species).The top 7 families with more than 15 species were Dryopteridaceae(95 species),Polypodiaceae(51 species),Athyriaceae(51 species),Pteridaceae(49 species),Thelypteridaceae(43 species),Aspleniaceae(27 species)and Dennstaedtiaceae(17 species).The top 6 genera with more than 15 species were Dryopteris(43 species),Asplenium(24 species),Diplazium(21 species),Polystichum(20 species),Pteris(18 species)and Arachniodes(16 species).(2)at genus level,54 genera of plants distributed in tropic and subtropic regions,15 genera of plants distributed in temperate zones,and 31 genera of plants distributed in pantropic type,accounting for respectively 60.67%,16.85%,and 34.83%of the total genera,were recorded.(3)as to the areal types of species,354 species were not endemic to China,accounting for 81.01%of the total species,and these species were mainly distributed in East Asia and tropical Asia.83 species were endemic to China,accounting for 18.99%of the total species(except those with world-wide distribution).Among them,East China-Central China and South China-Southwest China(to Northwest China)were two dominant areal types,with 24 species.(4)The ancient plant data and modern species all reflected the ancient origin of the flora.The prolycopod(including 27 species in Lycopodiaceae,Isoetaceae and Selaginellaceae)can be traced back to the devonian period;the ferns in Equisetaceae,Ophioglossaceae,Psilotaceae,Marattiaceae(10 species in total)originated relatively early in comparison to ferns in other families.(5)among lycophytes and ferns in Zhejiang province,5 species were listed as key-protected wild plants in Zhejiang province;3 species Isoetes sinensis,Isoetes orientalis,and Isoetes baodongii were in the list ofⅠ-class national protection of wild plants;11 species of wild plants were in the list ofⅡ-class national protection of wild plants,including Huperzia selago var.appressa,Huperzia sutchueniana,Cibotium barometz,etc.