穴式苗-肥同施水稻侧深施肥装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Rice Deep-Side Fertilization Device for Hole-Type Seedling and Fertilizer Application

为解决水稻侧深施肥作业相邻秧苗间化肥利用率低的问题,结合穴施肥农艺方法,设计了间歇定点穴式水稻侧深施肥装置.该装置采用垂直螺旋搅龙强排固体颗粒肥,依据预设的插秧与施肥动作之间的延时,控制步进电机的启停实现间歇的排肥动作,进一步控制螺旋搅龙的旋转角度,从而保证定点精量排肥.应用EDEM软件对穴式水稻侧深施肥装置进行仿真试验及分析,以行进速度、排肥能力、施肥高度为试验因素,以施肥位置合格率和排肥稳定性为响应指标,对装置排肥性能进行三因素五水平正交旋转组合试验,并使用Design-Expert软件对试验结果进行方差分析和响应面分析,获得最优解为行进速度0.47 m/s、排肥能力2.69 g/r、施肥高度16.7 mm,施肥位置合格率93.02%和排肥稳定性6.52%.以最优解为试验参数进行台架试验,验证得到施肥位置的合格率为91.23%和排肥稳定性为7.15%,与优化结果基本一致,满足穴式水稻侧深施肥的农艺要求.

To resolve the problem of low efficiency of fertilizer utilization between adjacent seedlings in rice deep-side fertilization,combined with agronomic method of hole-type fertilization,an intermittent fixed-point precise hole-type deep-side fertilization device was designed.The device uses a vertical spiral auger to force the release of solid fertilizer.This is realized with a stepper motor,in which the start and stop is controlled by setting a delay period between transplanting and fertilizing to realize intermittent fertilizer discharge,and the rotation angle of the auger is then controlled to ensure to discharge a precise amount of fertilizer.The simulation experiment was performed using the EDEM software to analyze the performance of the device.Herein,the traveling speed(m/s),fertilizer discharge capacity(g/r) and fertilizing height(mm) were treated as the experimental factors.The accuracy of fertilization point and the stability of fertilizer discharge were regarded as the response indicators.A three-factor five-level orthogonal rotation combination experiment was adopted to test the fertilizer discharge performance of the designed device.The Design-Expert software was used to perform the variance analysis and response surface analysis.The results were summarized as below.The optimal solutions were that the accuracy of fertilization point was calculated to be 93.02%,and the stability of fertilization was 6.52%.When the traveling speed was 0.47 m/s,the fertilizer discharge capacity was 2.69 g/r,and the fertilizing height was 16.7 mm.The bench test was conducted using the optimal parameters.The verified accuracy of fertilization point was 91.23%,and stability of fertilization was 7.15 %,which were consistent with the simulation results.This can satisfy the agronomic requirements of hole-type fertilization in rice planting.