不同原料堆肥对花生地土壤动物丰度及多样性的影响

Effects of Different Material Composts on Abundance and Diversity of Soil Fauna in Peanut Field

阐明土壤中不同营养级动物对不同原料堆肥的响应机制,对于有机肥的合理施用及优化土壤微生态结构有重要意义。本研究于2010—2011年进行了花生等氮施入水葫芦、猪粪堆肥试验,通过手捡法、干漏斗法分别捕获土壤动物3608、1241头。Kruskal-Wallis检验发现,手捡法捕获的寡毛纲、鞘翅目和缨翅目数量在处理间有差异,其中寡毛纲是优势类群,在猪粪堆肥处理、水葫芦堆肥处理和不施肥对照中分别占比59.21%、74.34%和77.81%。干漏斗法捕获的各处理土壤动物数量间差异不明显,蜱螨目和盲蛛目是优势类群,蜱螨目在猪粪堆肥处理、水葫芦堆肥处理和对照中分别占比37.73%、25.61%和26.67%,盲蛛目在猪粪堆肥处理、水葫芦堆肥处理和对照中占比分别为23.00%、12.80%和26.67%。不同处理间生物多样性指数差异不明显,但水葫芦堆肥提高了稀有类群占比,而猪粪堆肥提高了常见类群占比。

Clarifying the responding mechanism of soil fauna with different trophic levels to different material composts is of great significance to the rational application of organic fertilizer and the optimization of soil microecological structure.The test of applying water hyacinth and pig manure compost with equal nitrogen in peanuts was conducted from 2010 to 2011.3608 and 1241 individuals of soil fauna were collected by hand-picking and Tullgren methods,respectively.Kruskal-Wallis test showed that,when using hand-picking method,there were differences in individual quantity of Oligochaeta,Coleoptera and Thysanoptera among the treatments.Oligochaeta was the dominant group,which accounted for 59.21%,74.34%and 77.81%in treatments of pig manure compost,water hyacinth compost and unfertilized control,respectively.There was no obvious difference in individual quantity of soil fauna captured by Tullgren method among treatments,and Acariformes and Opiliones were dominant groups.The Acariformes accounted for 37.73%,25.61%and 26.67%in treatments of pig manure compost,water hyacinth compost and unfertilized control,respectively.The Opiliones accounted for 23.00%,12.80%and 26.67%in treatments of pig manure compost,water hyacinth compost and unfertilized control,respectively.There was no obvious difference in soil fauna diversity indexes among treatments,but the proportion of rare group increased in water hyacinth compost treatment,the proportion of common group increased in pig manure compost treatment.