精神分裂症认知功能损害的特点、机制及干预方式研究进展

Research progress on the characteristics,mechanism and intervention of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

精神分裂症是一种高发病率、高致残率的重大精神疾病,认知功能损害作为核心症状之一,通常先于精神病性症状出现,多数难以缓解。研究发现,精神分裂症患者的认知功能损害广泛存在,易受到遗传风险、异常的自我体验等多种因素的影响,常导致社会功能衰退从而影响预后,目前其病理生理学机制尚不明确,多数研究认为其与大脑功能网络、促炎细胞因子与抗炎细胞因子平衡紊乱及应激有关。通过抗精神病药物、认知矫正和其他手段能够改善精神分裂症患者的认知功能。为进一步认识精神分裂症认知功能损害的机制并为未来研究及诊治提供新思路,笔者主要对精神分裂症认知功能损害的特征、机制及治疗进行综述。

Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness with high incidence and high disability rate.As one of the core symptoms,cognitive impairment usually appears before psychotic symptoms,and most of them are difficult to alleviate.It has been found that the cognitive impairment of schizophrenia is widespread,which is easily influenced by genetic risk,abnormal self-experience and other factors.These factors frequently often cause a loss in social function and have an impact on the prognosis.At present,its pathophysiological mechanism is yet understood fully,although most studies agree that stress,a disordered balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines,and the brain functional network are all relevant factors.Antipsychotics,cognitive therapy,and other techniques can help schizophrenia patients with their cognitive function.This study summarizes the studies on cognitive impairment in schizophrenia in order to better understand the process of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and to provide fresh concepts for future research,diagnosis,and treatment.