不同全血献血人群血液初筛淘汰情况分析

Analysis on elimination of primary screening of blood from different whole blood donors

目的分析不同性别、年龄、职业、受教育程度的全血献血人群血液初筛淘汰情况,为指导有效招募低危无偿献血者,有针对性地进行献血前健康征询提供依据.方法对天津地区2019年-2021年全血无偿献血者及初筛淘汰者信息按照性别、年龄、职业、受教育程度进行整理和汇总,对不同全血献血人群血液初筛淘汰情况进行统计分析.结果不同性别、年龄、职业、受教育程度的全血献血人群血液初筛淘汰情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).初筛淘汰率男性是女性的1.44倍,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗-TP)、脂肪血淘汰率男性均多于女性,血红蛋白(Hb)淘汰率女性是男性的36.60倍;18-25岁及56-60岁人群初筛淘汰率低,分别为8.38%、6.38%,ALT淘汰率在26-35岁人群高,HBsAg淘汰率在18-25岁人群低(0.35%),脂肪血淘汰率在36-50岁人群高;学生、军人、医务工作者初筛淘汰率低,ALT淘汰率在公务员群体最高(9.36%),Hb淘汰率在教师群体最高(3.77%);本科及以上学历的人群淘汰率均不足9%,总体上呈现受教育程度越高淘汰率越低的趋势.结论不同性别、年龄、职业、受教育程度的全血献血人群血液初筛淘汰情况存在规律,研究此规律并用以指导无偿献血招募及献血前健康征询工作,使血液从低危献血人群中采集,有利于临床用血安全.

Objective To analyze the blood screening and elimination of whole blood donors with different gender,age,occupation and education level,so as to provide the basis for effectively recruiting low-risk unpaid blood donors and targeted health consultation before blood donation.Methods The information of unpaid whole blood donors and those who were screened out in Tianjin from 2019 to 2021 was sorted and summarized according to gender,age,occupation and education level,and the screening out of different whole blood donors was statistically analyzed.Results There were significant dfferences in blood screening among whole blood donors of different genders,ages,occupations and educational levels(P<0.05).The elimination rate of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),hepatitis B surface antigen(HbsAg),Treponema pallidum antibody(anti-TP)and fatty blood in males is 1.44 times that of females,and the elimination rate of hemoglobin(HB)in females is 36.60 times that of males.The initial screening elimination rates of 18-25 years old and 56-60 years old are low,8.38% and 6.38% respectively,the ALT elimination rate is high in 26-35 years old,the HBsAg elimination rate is low in 18-25 years old(0.35%),and the fat blood elimination rate is high in 36-50 years old.The elimination rate of students,soldiers and medical workers is low,the elimination rate of ALT is the highest among civil servants(9.36%),and the elimination rate of Hhb is the highest among teachers(3.77%).The elimination rate of people with bachelor's degree or above is less than 9%,generally showing the trend that the higher the education level,the lower the elimination rate.Conclusion There is a rule of blood screening and elimination among whole blood donors with different gender,age,occupation and education level.Studying this rule can be used to guide the recruitment of unpaid blood donors and health consultation before blood donation,so that blood can be collected from low-risk blood donors,which is beneficial to the safety of clinical blooduse.