2012-2021年天津市无偿献血人群HIV初筛阳性情况及特征分析

Analysis on HIV positive status and characteristics of unpaid blood donors in Tianjin from 2012 to 2021

目的分析天津市无偿献血人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)的初筛阳性情况及人群特征,为献血招募及降低输血途径传播HIV提供数据支持.方法采用两种不同厂家ELISA试剂和核酸试剂对2012-2021年度天津市无偿献血者1230384份标本进行HIV初筛,统计分析性别、献血次数、文化程度、年龄、职业、户籍、血型等不同分组人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体阳性(抗-HIV+)及人类免疫缺陷病毒核糖核酸阳性(HIV RNA+)的检测结果.结果1230384份标本中抗-HIV阳性8016份(65.15/万),HIV RNA反应性标本380份(3.09/万),HIV RNA阳性率男性(4.26/万)明显高于女性(0.14/万);初次献血者(3.83/万)高于重复献血者(1.21/万);46-60岁(5.14/万)高于其他年龄段;服务业(18.40/万)最高,学生(1.59/万)最低;外阜(3.31/万)高于本地(1.85/万),差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05).HIV RNA阳性率在文化程度和血型方面差异无统计学意义,P>0.05.十年间HIV RNA反应性占比均表现为男性高于女性、初次献血者高于固定献血者.结论2012-2021年天津市无偿献血者HIV感染呈持平状态,男性、初次、46-60岁、服务业、外阜是HIV RNA阳性的重要因素.加强献血前征询及建立稳定的固定献血队伍是降低HIV阳性率,避免输血传播HIV风险的重要措施.

Objective To analyze the human immunodeficiency virus(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)infection and population characteristics among voluntary blood donors in Tianjin,and to provide data support for blood donation recruitment and reduction of HIV transmission through blood transfusion.Methods ELISA reagents and nucleic acid reagents from two different manufacturers were used to screen 1,230,384 samples of voluntary blood donors in Tianjin from 2012 to 2021 for HIV primary screening.Humans in different groups such as gender,blood donation frequency,educational level,age,occupation,household registration,and blood type were statistically analyzed.Immunodeficiency virus antibody positive(anti-HIV+)and human immunodeficiency virus ribonucleic acid positive(HIV RNA+)test results.Results Among the 1,230,384 specimens,8,016 were anti-HIV positive(65.15/10,000),and 380 were HIV RNA-reactive specimens(3.09/10,000).The HIV RNA positive rate in males(3.83/10,000)was significantly higher than that in females(0.14/10,000).First-time blood donors(3.83/10,000)are higher than regular blood donors(1.21/10,000);46-60 years old(5.14/10,000)are higher than other age groups;service industry(18.40/10,000)is the highest,and students(1.59/10,000)are the lowest;foreign residents(3.31/10,000)was higher than the local(1.85/10,000),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the HIV RNA positive rate in terms of education level and blood type,P>0.05.The proportion of HIV RNA reactivity in ten years was higher in males than in females,and in first-time blood donors than in regular blood donors.Conclusion The HIV infection status of unpaid blood donors in Tianjin from 2012 to 2021 was flat.Male,first-time,46-60 years old,service industry,and foreign residents were important factors for HIV RNA positivity.Strengthening the consultation before blood donation and establishing a stable fixed blood donation team are important measures to reduce the HIV positive rate and avoid the risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion.