藏药“吉解”的品种考证研究

Varieties Textual Research of Tibetan Medicine“Jijie”

“吉解”即藏药秦艽花,具有清热、消肿、干黄水、解毒的功效,藏医常用于治黄水病、四肢肿胀、腑热胆热等症,药用历史悠久。作为藏药大宗药材,“吉解”在二十五味儿茶丸、十三味榜嘎散等多个国药准字号的藏药复方制剂中作为主药或配伍使用。但由于藏医药文献对“吉解”的记载根据花色将其分为黑、白两种,导致其存在基原复杂、临床用药混乱的现象。本研究通过查阅古今藏医药经典著作和文献,对黑、白“吉解”的品种、功效进行了系统地整理,厘清了藏药“吉解”的形态、基原物种、功能主治及生境分布。采用文献考证与市场调研相结合的方法,阐明了“吉解”的主流药材。最终确定文献记载其来源共有12个种,市场主流品种的来源以粗茎秦艽Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.和麻花艽Gentiana straminea Maxim.为主。对藏药“吉解”进行基原考证有利于“吉解”的临床合理应用,可为其进一步质量控制、药效学研究和新药开发提供参考。

"Jijie"were traditional Tibetan medicine-flowers from Gentiana,which were widely used and had a long medicinal history for the function of clear heat,reduce swelling,dry"Huangshui",detoxify,Tibetan medicine is commonly used to treat"Huangshui"disease,swelling of extremities,visceral fever.As a large variety of Tibetan medicine,"Jijie"is used as the main medicine or compatibility in many Tibetan medicine compound preparations,such as ershiwuwei Ercha pill and shisanwei Bangga powder.However,"Jijie"is divided into black and white according to color in Tibetan medicine literature,which leads to the phenomenon of complex origin and confusion of clinical drug varieties.This paper makes a textual research on the variety and efficacy of"Jijie"by consulting ancient and modern Tibetan medicine classics and documents.It is clear that the shapes,primitive species,functions and Habitat distribution of Tibetan medicine"Jijie".Mainstream varietiesof"Jijie"were studied and authenticated by textual researchandmarket research.Finally,it is determined that there are 12 species in the literature,and the main application varieties mainly come from Gentianacrassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.And Gentianastraminea Maxim.The variety textual research on Tibetan medicine"Jijie"is helpful for its clinical application,and provide scientific basis for its further standard setting,pharmacodynamics research,new drug development and so on.