闽南语“勿会”的语用多功能性考察

An Investigation on the Pragmatic Multifunctionality of“wuhui”(勿会)in Southern Fujian Dialect

在闽南语中,会话程式回应语“勿会”具有语用多功能性。它既可用作致歉语的回应语,又可用作致谢语的回应语。这种语用多功能性是由其历时演变导致的。“勿会”最初用于对他人的致歉语作出否定回应,否定被冒犯事实或否定己方会介意。而后,“勿会”扩大到回应道歉型间接致谢语的语境中,最后扩大到回应直接致谢的语境中。这种语用演变与现代汉语中“没事(儿)”的演变相似。致歉回应语向致谢回应语的演变具有跨语言有效性,在日语、英语等外语中普遍可见。这种演变导致共时平面上程式回应语的语用多功能性。

As a formulaic expression in conversation,“Wuhui”(勿会)in Southern Fujian Dialect has multifunctionality.It can be used to respond to a thanking expression as well as an apology.Its pragmatic multifunctionality derives from its diachronic change.Originally,it is a negative response to others’apology,i.e.negating that others’offence will give rise to a grave consequence or that speaker himself will mind.Then“wuhui”expands to the situation context in which it responds to an indirect thanking performed by means of apology,and last to the situation context in which it responds to a direct thanking.The pragmatic change of“wuhui”in in southern Fujian dialect is similar to that of“meishi’er”in Mainland Mandarin.The diachronic change from a response to an apology to a response to a thanking expression is cross-linguistically valid.There are many parallel changes in Japanese,English,etc.The changes of items concerned results in their synchronic multifunctionality in pragmatics.This paper examines the cognitive,pragmatic base of the change.