基于逆向重构的传统村落数字模型分级构建

Hierarchical Construction of Traditional Village Digital Model Based on Reverse Reconstruction

传统村落蕴含丰富的历史、人文及营建价值,但其构造细节丰富、图纸资料缺失,使用传统测绘方式建模效率低、效果差。从传统村落数字化保护中模型的应用需求出发,将传统村落模型分为整体村落、单体民居、构件部位3个层级。结合不同层级重点展示内容的特征,综合应用倾斜摄影测量、三维激光扫描、近景摄影测量等技术获取传统村落对象的三维数据,据此进行传统村落的逆向重构,形成传统村落数字模型的分级构建技术。在此基础上,提出数字模型的精度描述指标,通过对比不同模型的呈现效果,讨论模型的精度影响因素和精度标准,形成全面反映传统村落特色的数字模型构建体系,为传统村落的数字化保护应用打下基础。该技术成功应用于陕西省商洛市凤凰镇示范工程,总结的经验可供类似工程参考。

Traditional villages contain rich historical,cultural and construction values,but their structural details are rich and drawings and data are missing,so the modeling is inefficient and ineffective using the traditional surveying and mapping methods.Based on the application requirements of the model in the digital protection of traditional villages,the traditional village model is divided into three levels:the overall village,the individual residential buildings,and the component parts.Combined with the characteristics of the key display contents at different levels,the 3D data of traditional village objects are obtained by comprehensive application of tilt photogrammetry,3D laser scanning,close range photogrammetry and other technologies,based on which the reverse reconstruction of traditional villages is carried out,forming a hierarchical construction technology of traditional village digital models.On this basis,the precision description index of the digital model is proposed.By comparing the presentation effects of different models,the precision influencing factors and precision standards of the model are discussed to form a digital model construction system that fully reflects the characteristics of traditional villages,laying a foundation for the digital protection of traditional villages.The technology is successfully applied to the demonstration project in Fenghuang Town,Shangluo City,Shaanxi Province,and the experience summarized can be used as a reference for similar projects.