基于特教教师心智模型的自闭症儿童学习区家具设计研究

Furniture Design of ASD Children's Teaching Area Based on Teachers'Mental Model

目的提升自闭症儿童的教学关怀,优化自闭症教室家具的人性化设计。方法广泛搜集国内外自闭症(ASD)儿童教学区及家具图片,使用AHP法选出10张ASD学习区及学习区家具的代表图像,采用扎尔特曼隐喻抽取技术结合基于情感化三层次模型的改良攀梯访谈方法(ZMET)构建ASD儿童教师心智模型,并提取ASD儿童学习区设计需求,依据建立的心智模型进行设计实践。结果建立了特教教师的学习区设计相关心智模型,提取心智模型中与需求、色彩、材料、造型相关的心智路径,确定产品色彩、材料、造型设计方向,最终以自闭症学生接触时间最长的课桌椅作为对象进行设计实践。结论验证了心智模式在家具设计中应用的可行性,构建了基于改良攀梯法构建心智模型推进设计创新的设计流程,为自闭症儿童教室家具设计提供方法借鉴。

The work aims to improve the teaching care of autistic children and optimize the humanized design of classroom furniture for autistic children.The pictures of teaching area and furniture for autistic children(ASD)at home and abroad were widely collected.Ten representative images of ASD learning area and furniture were selected through the AHP method.The Zaltman Metaphor extraction technology was used in combination with the improved ladder climbing interview method(ZMET)based on the emotional three-level model to construct the mental model of ASD children's teachers,extract the design requirements of ASD children's learning area,and carry out design practice according to the established mental model.The mental model related to the learning area design of special education teachers was estab-lished.The mental paths related to the needs,colors,materials and shapes in the mental model were extracted,and the product color,materials and shape design direction were determined.Finally,the desks and chairs with the longest contact time of autistic students were taken as the object for design practice.The feasibility of applying mental model in furniture design is verified,and the design process of constructing mental model based on improved ladder climbing method to promote design innovation is constructed,which provides a method reference for design of classroom furniture for autistic children.