教育数字化转型的驱动因素与逻辑框架——创新生态系统理论视角

Driving Factors and Logical Framework of Digital Transformation in Education——From the Perspective of Innovation Ecosystem Theory

教育数字化转型是由数字技术驱动和数据要素赋能而引发教育系统创新性变革的过程,已成为当前教育领域研究的焦点。我国教育数字化转型目前处于发展初期,亟需厘清系统性推进教育数字化转型的关键驱动因素及其内在作用机制。作为“创新驱动发展战略”实施的基础性理论,创新生态系统理论综合系统科学、生态学和最新创新理论研究成果,为教育数字化转型研究提供了新的思路和方法。从创新生态系统理论视角来看,教育数字化转型的驱动因素包括宏观的政策驱动、中观的数据驱动和微观的模式驱动三个层面:国家战略与政策为教育数字化转型提供顶层支持,新一代数字技术全方位应用驱动教育数字化转型,教育主体的新需求拉动教育系统全面数字化转型。基于创新生态系统理论框架,教育数字化转型实践的逻辑框架需厘清转型目标、转型方式、转型主体、转型机制和支持条件五个结构性问题。其中,转型目标是教育数字化转型的共同价值主张,技术生态是教育数字化转型的关键驱动力,教育系统是教育数字化转型的内生源动力,转型机制是教育数字化转型的内在运行机理,创新环境是教育数字化转型的条件保障。教育数字化转型要充分发挥技术生态与教育生态系统要素耦合的协同效应,促进教育高质量发展。

Digital transformation in education is a process of innovation in education system driven by digital technology and enabled by data elements,which has become the focus of current education research.At present,the digital transformation of education in China is in the preliminary stage,so it is urgent to clarify the key driving factors and the internal mechanism of promoting the digital transformation of education systematically.As the basic theory for the implementation of the“innovation-driven development strategy”,the innovation ecosystem theory integrates system science,ecology and the latest innovation theory research results,providing new ideas and methods for the research of digital transformation in education.From the perspective of innovation ecosystem theory,the driving factors of education digital transformation include three levels:macro policy-driven,medium data-driven and micro model-driven.Accordingly,the national strategy and policy provides top-level support for the digital transformation of education,the all-round application of the new generation of digital technology drives the digital transformation of education,and the new demand of education subjects pulls the comprehensive digital transformation of the education system.Based on the theoretical framework of the innovation ecosystem,there is a logical framework for the practice of education digital transformation which needs to clarify five structural issues:transformation objectives,transformation subjects,transformation methods,transformation mechanisms and support conditions.Among them,for the digital transformation in education,the transformation goal is the common value proposition,the technological ecology is the key driving force,the education system is the endogenous driving force,the transformation mechanism is the internal operating mechanism,and the innovation environment is the guarantee of conditions.The digital transformation in education should give full play to the synergistic effect of the coupling of technological ecology and educational ecosystem elements to promote the high-quality development of education.