深圳市城市中心体系的空间特征及变迁

The growth of urban centers in Shenzhen

研究城市空间演变规律,对于优化城市空间结构和制定城市空间规划有着非常重大的意义.以中国深圳市为例,基于全市2010、2015和2019年兴趣点(point-of-interest, POI)数据,综合考虑功能密度与功能多样性,构建城市中心性指数,基于空间聚类法并结合阈值法,识别不同年份的城市中心,进一步通过区位熵对城市中心的功能类别进行判定,从空间格局、中心级别和功能类别等多个维度对深圳市城市中心体系的空间特征及变迁进行分析,并评估深圳市城市总体规划在城市多中心结构发展中的作用.研究表明,深圳城市中心体系从原特区内向原特区外蓬勃生长,城市中心性空间格局呈现从原特区内集聚向全市范围均衡发展的总体特征;至2019年末,深圳已形成“1主6副多组团”的城市多中心空间结构,深圳市原有城市中心在面积规模、中心性水平和社会公平性功能占比等层面均强于新兴中心,但差异程度随时间发展逐渐缩小.深圳城市总体规划的引导、城市更新活动的实施和交通条件的改善均对城市中心体系的形成与变迁发挥了重要作用.研究结果可为城市中心识别相关研究提供参考,也可实时评估城市规划实施效果,为城市规划修编提供依据.

Research on urban spatial structure and its evolution is significant for optimizing the urban spatial structure and formulating urban spatial planning. Taking Shenzhen city as a case, we investigate the spatial characteristics and the change of the Shenzhen city urban center system from the dimensions of spatial pattern, center level and function uses. Urban centers are identified based on spatial clustering method with the point of interest(POI) spatial data of the city’s maps in 2010, 2015 and 2019. The results show that Shenzhen’s urban centers have experienced a rapid growth from 2010 to 2019 and urban center system has been expanded from the Special Economic Zone(SEZ) to non-SEZ areas. A polycentric urban spatial structure had been formed in Shenzhen by the end of 2019, and the spatial distribution of identified urban centers within different levels is consistent with the central place theory. The old urban centers are generally superior than the emerging centers in terms of area scale,centrality level and the proportion of public services. But the degree of difference is decreasing over time. In general, the guidance of urban master plans, the implementation of urban renewal projects and the improvement of traffic conditions have played important roles in the formation and evolution of the urban center system in Shenzhen.The research can not only provide a reference on urban center identification, but also evaluate the implementation effect of urban planning in real time, providing basis for urban planning revision.