膜下滴灌条件下毛管铺设模式与灌水定额对水分运移及玉米产量的影响

Effects of Capillary Tube Laying Pattern and Irrigation Quota on Water Transport and Maize Yield Under Drip Irrigation Under Membrane

膜下滴灌技术的优势及应用效果明显,在全国各地均有推广应用。为了进一步降低投资,节约资源,探索节水高产的毛管布置模式,在民勤绿洲红崖山灌区以“敦玉13”为材料开展毛管铺设与灌水定额对作物的影响及水分运移特征试验。通过测定玉米出苗率、土壤水分运移规律、干物质积累与分配、产量、水分利用效率及种植效益等指标,分析了不同毛管铺设及灌水处理对玉米出苗、土壤水分运移消耗、水分高效利用的影响与产量效应。结果表明,膜下滴灌毛管铺设模式对玉米出苗率的影响较为明显,1膜2管和1膜3管玉米出苗率明显高于1膜1管;在1膜2管时,不同灌水定额下灌溉水均可横向扩散到作物种植区,而1膜1管时,灌溉水均不能横向扩散到作物种植区,影响了作物出苗及生长;1膜2管和1膜3管玉米干物质积累量明显高于1膜1管,对有限水分的利用效率较高,其穗粒数、穗粒重、产量等均高于1膜1管处理;1膜1管、1膜2管在节约灌溉材料方面优势较为明显,但1膜1管产量降低较为明显。综合结果来看,在玉米膜下滴灌种植中,建议采用1膜2管模式(膜宽145 cm),灌水定额36~42 mm,生育期灌溉定额以2 520~3 360 m^(3)/hm^(2)为宜,灌水频率依据气候等条件保持在7~8次。

The advantages and application effect of drip irrigation under membrane are obvious,and it has been popularized and applied all over the country.In order to further reduce investment,save resources,and explore the pattern of hair tube arrangement with water-saving and high-yield,in this study,"Dunyu 13"was used as the material to carry out experiments on the influence of hair tube laying and irrigation quota on crops and the characteristics of water transport in Hongyashan irrigation area of Minqin Oasis.By measuring the emergence rate of maize,soil water transport law,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield,water use efficiency and planting benefit,the effects of different hair tube laying and irrigation treatment on maize seedling emergence,soil water transport and consumption,water efficient use and yield effect were analyzed.The results showed that the effect of the pattern of hair tube laying under the membrane on the emergence rate of maize was obvious,and the emergence rate of maize with the mode of 1 membrane 2 tubes and the mode of 1 membrane 3 tubes was significantly higher than that with the mode of 1 membrane 1 tube.In the case of the mode of 1 membrane and 2 tubes,the irrigation water could spread laterally to the crop planting area under different irrigation quotas,while in the case of the mode of 1 membrane and 1 tube,the irrigation water could not spread laterally to the crop planting area,which affected the emergence and growth of crops.The dry matter accumulation of maize with the mode of 1 membrane 2 tubes and the mode of 1 membrane 3 tubes was significantly higher than that with the mode of 1 membrane 1 tube,and the utilization efficiency of limited water was higher,and the kernel number per ear,kernel weight per ear and yield of maize with the mode of 1 membrane 1 tube were higher than those with the mode of 1 membrane 1 tube.The mode of 1 membrane1 pipe and the mode of 1 membrane 2 pipe have obvious advantages in saving irrigation materials,but the yield of the mode of 1 membrane 1pipe decreases significantly.According to the comprehensive results,it is recommended to adopt the mode of 1 film and 2 tubes (film width145cm),the irrigation quota of 36~42 mm,the irrigation quota of 2 520~3 360 m^(3)/hm^(2) during the growth period,and the irrigation frequency should be kept at 7~8 times according to the climate and other conditions.