外场在轻金属氢化物储氢体系中的应用

External-Field Effects on the Hydrogen StorageProperties of Light Metal Hydrides

清洁能源的开发是缓解日益严峻的能源危机的关键,以氢能为代表的绿色二次能源正受到越来越多的关注。然而,安全、高效的氢气储运技术的缺失严重阻碍了氢能的规模化、实用化发展。在已报道的多种储运氢技术中,固态储氢因具有安全性高、储氢密度高、操作压力低等特点而成为研究的热点和重点,尤其是轻金属固态氢化物储氢材料。但是,轻金属氢化物较高的吸/放氢操作温度与缓慢的吸/放氢速率阻碍了其实用化发展。尽管近年来有关优化金属氢化物储氢性能的报道层出不穷,但距离实用化仍有一定差距。微波、光、超声、等离子体与电场等外场自提出以来,已经在化工、物理、材料等多个领域被广泛研究。近年来,外场在储氢领域的应用也逐渐获得研究人员的关注并取得了重要进展,如对外场辅助制备储氢材料、改善吸/放氢性能等方面已有广泛研究。在储氢系统中引入外场有望进一步提升材料储氢的综合性能,助力金属氢化物储氢技术迈向实用化。虽然外场在储氢领域展现出一定的发展潜力和研究价值,但其反应机理和实际应用还有待进一步深入探索和研究。主要介绍近期有关外场应用在金属氢化物储氢体系中的作用机理和研究进展。

The development of novel clean energy is crucial to mitigating the increasingly severe energy crisis, and hydrogen energy, a secondary energy source, is drawing attention. However, safe and efficient means of storing and transporting hydrogen play important roles in the scale-up of hydrogen energy. Among the reported storage and transportation technologies, solid-state hydrogen storage is the safest and it possesses high volumetric hydrogen capacity with low operating pressure. Light metal hydrides, in particular, are highly competitive in the field of hydrogen storages except for high operating temperature and slow reaction kinetics that has hindered their potential for wide application. Recently, external-fields such as microwave, light, ultrasound, plasma and electricity have gained attention in the field of hydrogen storage and made significant progress, for instance, in the fabrication of hydrogen storage materials and the improvement of their hydrogen absorption/desorption behaviors. The external field interaction with metal hydrides is promising and has attracted enormous research interest. In this paper, we will introduce some findings and development prospects of various external field applications in metal hydride hydrogen storage systems.