铀的表面防腐技术研究进展

Research Progress in Anticorrosion Technology of Uranium

金属铀因具有优异的放射性能在国防和核能领域具有重要的战略价值。然而,由于铀具有高的反应活性,在大气环境中极易被腐蚀。在众多防腐技术中,表面处理技术被广泛用来提高铀的耐腐蚀性能。聚焦铀表面防腐的需求,重点综述了表面合金化、电镀、离子注入、离子镀等铀的防腐技术的研究进展,并针对不同技术目前面临的难题,展望了其未来的发展。近年来,离子注入、离子镀技术成为铀防腐领域的研究重点,具有很大的发展潜力。然而,金属铀的防腐性能仍需更进一步提高,复合沉积技术可以结合各种技术的优点,有望制备出耐蚀性更好的铀表面防腐涂层。此外,高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术在防腐领域拥有较大的应用潜力,是制备铀表面高性能防腐涂层的潜在方法,值得进一步研究。另一方面,合理利用铀的氢化腐蚀特性,可能使该材料成为一种优秀的储氢材料。

Uranium is widely used in the fields of national defense and nuclear energy because of its high density and excellent nuclear performance.However,uranium is easily corroded in corrosive environment due to its high reactivity.Surface treatment technology is widely used to improve the corrosion resistance of uranium.This paper focuses on the requirements of uranium surface anti-corrosion.The research progress of uranium corrosion protection technologies including surface alloying,electroplating,ion implantation and ion plating is reviewed.The future development of different technologies is prospected according to the current problems.At present,the ion implantation and ion plating have become the focus in recent years and have great development potential.However,the corrosion resistance of uranium metal still needs to be further improved.Composite deposition technology can combine the advantages of various technologies and it is expected to prepare uranium corrosion resistant coatings with better corrosion resistance.In addition,high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering technology has great application potential and is a potential method to prepare high-performance uranium anticorrosion coatings,which is worthy of further study.On the other hand,uranium can become an excellent hydrogen storage material by making rational use of its hydrogen corrosion characteristics.