元市舶则法变迁研究

Study on the Shibo Law of Yuan Dynasty

“至元法则”是我国现存的古代最早且体系较为完善的涉海外贸易的法律规范。“至元法则”脱胎于宋朝的“元丰市舶条例”,具有很强的沿袭性,其对我们了解宋、元时期海外贸易法律制度具有重要的价值。“延祐法则”是元朝中期修订完成的市舶法律,更多体现了元朝建立后涉外贸易的新变化。相较于“至元法则”,“延祐法则”具有立法详密、技术更高、抽分更重、赏罚力度加大等特点。这种变化体现了元朝中后期国家重商主义思想的深入及财政危机的加深,同时也体现出了海外贸易更加发达和成熟的特征。这两部元朝市舶法律的变迁也反映出了当时的政治、经济、海外贸易、国家对外态度等方面的问题。

“Zhiyuan Rules” is the earliest and relatively perfect legal norm related to overseas trade in ancient China.The “Zhiyuan Rules” originated from the “Yuanfeng Shibo Rules” in the Song Dynasty, which has a strong heritage and is of great value to us to understand the overseas trade legal system in the Song and Yuan dynasties.The “Yanyou Rules” is the Shibo law revised in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty, which reflects the new changes of foreign trade after the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty.Compared with “Zhiyuan Rules”,The “Yanyou Rules” has the characteristics of detailed legislation, higher skills, heavier scoring, and stronger reward and punishment.This change reflected the deepening of national mercantilism and financial crisis in the middle and late Yuan Dynasty, and also reflected the more developed and mature overseas trade.The changes of the two Shibo laws reflect the problems of politics, economy, overseas trade and the attitude of the state to foreign countries in the Yuan Dynasty.