影响我国主要麦区小麦籽粒硫含量的品种(系)与土壤因素

Cultivar(lines) and soil factors affecting wheat grain sulfur concentration in the major wheat-producing regions of China

【目的】明确我国主要麦区小麦主栽品种(系)籽粒硫含量差异,研究地点、年份、品种(系)对小麦籽粒硫含量的影响,为科学施肥和选育优质稳产小麦品种提供依据。【方法】于旱作区、麦玉区和稻麦区共47个地点种植当地主栽品种(系),测定了小麦生物量、收获指数、产量及其构成、籽粒硫累积量,并对籽粒硫含量与小麦生物量、收获指数、产量构成、硫累积量、籽粒养分含量、土壤肥力指标间的相互关系进行分析。【结果】旱作区、麦玉区和稻麦区主栽小麦品种(系)籽粒硫含量分别介于1.73~2.27、1.59~2.01和1.42~1.73 g/kg,平均值分别为1.98、1.78和1.53 g/kg。同一麦区内籽粒硫含量主要受品种(系)、地点和年份影响。旱作区,品种(系)对籽粒硫含量变异的贡献率最高,为13.1%;麦玉区和稻麦区地点对籽粒硫含量变异的贡献率最高,平均分别为34.2%和52.0%,品种(系)对籽粒硫含量变异的贡献率平均分别为25.4%和7.1%。收获指数和籽粒硫吸收量对小麦籽粒硫含量的影响大于产量构成要素、硫收获指数和地上部硫吸收量。旱作区籽粒硫含量与千粒重、地上部硫吸收量显著正相关,麦玉区与产量显著负相关,与硫收获指数显著正相关,稻麦区与千粒重及地上部硫吸收量关系不显著。3个麦区内,小麦籽粒硫含量与籽粒氮、磷、镁、铁、锌和锰含量均显著正相关,与籽粒钾、钙、铜含量仅在个别试验点相关。在旱作区,小麦籽粒硫含量与土壤有效磷和有效硫含量显著正相关;在麦玉区,与土壤有效铁、锰含量显著正相关;在稻麦区,与土壤有效铁显著正相关,而与p H、有效锌、有效硫含量显著负相关。【结论】影响小麦籽粒硫含量的主要因素是品种,其次是土壤养分含量。旱作区较高的土壤有效磷和有效硫含量,麦玉区较高的有效铁、锰含量,以及稻麦区较高的土壤有效铁含量均有利于提高小麦籽粒硫含量。

【Objectives】The grain sulfur concentration(GSC) of wheat cultivars(lines) in China’s main production regions and the effects of year-round climate,cultivar and soil nutrient content on GSC were analyzed to understand the primary factors related to grain sulfur content.【Methods】Local wheat cultivars were planted at 47 sites in dryland wheat regions(DW),wheat-maize regions(WM),and rice-wheat regions(RW).The wheat biomass,harvest index,yield and its composition,sulfur accumulation and distribution were investigated.Correlation analysis between grain sulfur concentrations of leading wheat cultivars(lines) and wheat biomass,harvest index,yield and its composition,and soil factors were analyzed.【Results】The GSC of the main wheat cultivars in DW,WM,and RW was 1.73–2.27,1.59–2.01,and 1.42–1.73 g/kg,respectively,with an average of1.98,1.78,and 1.53 g/kg.GSC in the same wheat regions was mainly affected by cultivar,site,and year.In dryland regions,cultivar had the highest contribution to GSC variation(13.1%).In contrast,the planting site recorded the highest contribution(34.2% and 52.0%) in wheat-maize and rice-wheat regions,respectively,followed by cultivars with 25.4% and 7.1% contribution rates.The effects of the harvest index and grain S absorption on wheat GSC were greater than yield components,the S harvest index,and aboveground S absorption.In dryland regions,the GSC showed a positive correlation with 1000 grain weight and aboveground S absorption but was negatively related to yield in wheat-maize regions.No significant relationship was recorded between GSC and yield but not the S harvest index.In rice-wheat regions,there was no relationship between GSC and 1000 grain weight and aboveground S absorption.GSC was positively correlated with grain N,P,Mg,Fe,Zn,and Mn concentrations in all three wheat regions but only correlated with K,Ca,and Cu concentration in several sites.In DW,the higher GSC of Yongshou wheat compared with Yangling may be due to the higher available soil phosphorus and sulfur concentrations in the former.GSC was positively correlated with soil Fe and Mn availability in WM;in RW,GSC was positively correlated with available Fe but negatively correlated with p H,available Zn,and available S.【Conclusions】The main factor influencing wheat grain S content is cultivar.The soil nutrients have positive effects on grain S content,depending on the region.They are available P and S in the dryland wheat region;available Fe and Mn in the maize and wheat regions;and an available Fe concentration in the rice-wheat region.