高速动车齿轮箱故障诊断技术研究综述

Review on Fault Diagnosis Technology for High-speed EMU Gearboxes

齿轮箱是高速动车驱动系统的重要组成部分,由于长期处于高速重载的工作环境,易受到损伤和出现故障。因此,快速准确地对高速动车齿轮箱的故障进行诊断具有重要意义。从分析动车齿轮箱的结构型式和常见故障入手,阐述了国内外用于动车齿轮箱故障诊断的振动分析、噪声分析、温度场分析、油液分析及声发射等典型技术的应用现状,对这些技术作了适用性分析并提出了重点研究方向建议。分析结果表明,当前应用于高速动车齿轮箱的多种故障诊断技术均有其各自不同的优缺点和应用场合,单种诊断技术受限于其局限性,均不能较好地精确诊断出动车齿轮箱的多类故障;应用基于先进智能算法的多种技术融合,有望是今后该领域故障诊断的研究重点之一。

The gearbox is an important component of the system of high-speed trains,which is susceptible to damage and failure due to the long-term high-speed and heavy-load working environment,so it is important to diagnose the faults of high-speed train gearboxes quickly and accurately.Thus,based on analysis of the structure type and common faults of the EMU gearbox,the current application status of the typical technologies such as vibration analysis,noise analysis,temperature field analysis,oil analysis and acoustic emission used for fault diagnosis of the EMU gearbox at home and abroad is explained,the applicability of these technologies is analyzed and key research directions are proposed.The analysis results show that the current multiple fault diagnosis technologies applied in high-speed EMU gearboxes have their own advantages,disadvantages and application occasions.The single diagnosis technology can not accurately diagnose the multi-type failures of the gearbox due to its limitations,and the fusion of multiple techniques based on advanced intelligent algorithms is expected to be one of the research focuses for fault diagnosis in this field in the future.